Nā kūmau moʻokalaleo

Anter

• Nā laʻana o nā au moʻokalaleo

ʻO ka nā ʻano moʻokalaleo a i ʻole neʻe palapala ua wehewehe ʻia lākou e like me ka hōʻike ʻana i nā ʻano ʻokoʻa e hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou mai nā neʻe moʻokalaleo ʻē aʻe a i ʻole nā ​​kahe. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻo nā mea kākau o nā hana ponoʻī e ʻike i nā ʻano i like ka hana a nā hana e pili ana i nā hihia kūlana a me ka nani.

Kūlike ʻole ka nā ʻano moʻokalaleo ua kākau ʻia lākou i kekahi manawa a, no laila, hoʻohuli ʻia e nā loina, nā ʻano a me nā kaila o kēlā me kēia manawa. ʻOiai hiki ke ʻike ʻia kēia i nā puke, hoʻonui ʻia kā lākou kahua a hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomaopopo i nā ʻoihana i ka laulā, e like me ka pena ʻana, ke kiʻi ʻana, ka hoʻolālā ʻana, nā mele, a pēlā aku.

Nui a hewahewa nā kahawai no ka mea hiki ke hala i mau makahiki he mau makahiki a i ʻole noho no kekahi manawa pōkole wale nō.

Nā laʻana o nā au moʻokalaleo

Waihona Palapala Waena

1. Mele Baena
2. Puke mele o Stúñiga
3. Coplas i ka make ʻana o kona makuakāne na Jorge Manrique
4. ʻO ka Archpriest o Hita, ka puke o ke aloha maikaʻi na Juan Ruiz
5. ʻO El Cantar del Mío Cid (kenekulia 11) (inoa ʻole)
6. ʻO ka helu o Lucanor na Don Juan Manuel
7. Ka buke a Apoloona
8. ʻO ka Marquis o Santillana
9. I ke kahuna pule i kākau ʻia e nā kāhuna pule
10. Ka mea hoʻokūkū pāʻani
11. ʻO nā jarchas
12. Nā kaʻao o nā kamaliʻi o Lara
13. Hoʻomaikaʻi i kā mākou Lede o Gonzalo de Berceo
14. Ka hana palapala a Alfonso X o Castilla

Palapala Renaissance

1. ʻO Beowlf (saga Kelemania)
2. ʻO Decameron na Giovanni Boccaccio
3. ʻO ke mele a ka Roldán (saga Palani)
4. ʻO Lazarillo de Tormes,
5. ʻO Dante Alighieri's Komikina Hemolele
6. ʻO Baroque a i ʻole Spanish Spanish Age Age puke
7. Nā Nibelungs (Kelemania saga)
8. ʻO Orlando furioso na Ludovico Ariosto
9. Poem o kaʻu Cid (Spanish saga)
10. ʻO Rerum vulgarium fragmenta na Francesco Petrarca Rerum

Neoclassicism

1. ʻO nā leka Moroccan mai José cadalso
2. ʻElua mau hoaaloha a me ka bea mai Feliz María de Samaniego
3. ʻO ka hoki Pied na Tomás de Iriarte
4. ʻO ka ʻae a nā kaikamahine a Leandro Fernández de Moratín.
5. Pākuʻi 1: ʻO ka maikaʻi a me ka hauʻoli o Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos.
6. Paukū 2: Aloha i ke ola na Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos.
7. ʻO ka cicada a me ka naonao mai Feliz María de Samaniego
8. ke aloha i ka ʻelemakule o Juan Meléndez Valdés
9. ʻO ka leo o ka poʻe o Benito Gerónimo Feijoo
10. ʻO nā kaʻao moʻokalaleo a Tomás de Iriarte
11. ʻO nā lāpaki ʻelua na Tomás de Iriarte
12. ʻO Anacreontic ode iā dorila na Juan Meléndez Valdés
13. ʻO Ode VII o ke aloha e Juan Meléndez Valdés
14. ʻO Ode X o ka waiwai o Juan Meléndez Valdés

Modernism: Realism a me Naturalism

• Realism:

1. ʻO Juanita la Larga na Gustavo Courbet
2. ʻO ka hāʻule o ka hale o Usher na Edgar Allan Poe
3. ʻO Oliver Twist na Charles Dickens

• Kūlohelohe

1. Nā Tale iā Ninon na Émile Zola
2. ʻO Doña Perfecta na Benito Pérez Caldos
3. ʻO Fortunata lāua ʻo Jacinta na Benito Pérez Caldos
4. ʻO ka haʻi a Claude na Émile Zola
5. ʻO ka nīnau wela a Emilia Pardo Bazán
6. ʻO ke ʻano makuahine o Emilia Pardo Bazán
7. ʻO ka hana a ka mea pena ʻAmelika ʻo William Baker
8. ʻO nā ahiahi o Médan na Émile Zola
9. ʻO Marianela de Benito Pérez Caldos

Vanguardism: Expressionism, Futurism, Cubism, Dadaism, Creationism, Ultraism, Surrealism

1. Aloha 'ino! na León Felipe
2. ʻAukake 1914 na Vicente Huidobro
3. ʻO Ebony maoli na Nicolás Guillén
4. ʻO ka Manu e Octavio Paz
5. ʻO nā Heralds ʻeleʻele o César Vallejo
6. ʻO Ode iā Rubén Darío na José Coronel Urtecho
7. Poem XX na Pablo Neruda
8. Una Risa y Milton na Jorge Luis Borges

Moʻolelo moʻokalaleo

1. Ke Kanaka Kipi na Albert Camus
2. ʻOiai a ʻaʻohe mea na Jean-Paul Sartre
3. ʻO ka Nusea o Jean-Paul Sartre
4. Ka maʻi ahulau o Albert Camus
5. Make make nā kāne āpau e Simone de Beauvoir

Moʻolelo wahine

1. ʻO ka ʻAbela a Ana María Matute
2. ʻO ka puʻuhonua wahine kaumaha na Marcela Serrano
3. ʻO ka moʻolelo wahine a Margaret Atwood
4. ʻO Fiesta i ka Northwest o Ana María Matute
5. ʻO ka poʻe kālepa o Ana María Matute
6. ʻO mākou ka mea aloha nui iā Marcela Serrano
7. No laila ʻaʻole ʻoe e poina iaʻu e pili ana iā Marcela Serrano

Palapala moʻokalaleo ʻepekema

1. ʻO ka hoʻokumu ʻo Isaac Asimov
2. Ke Kaua o nā Honua na H. G Wells
3. Manaʻo Androids o nā hipa uila na Philip K. Dick
4. ʻO ka huakaʻi i ke kikowaena o ka honua e Jules Verne

Ka Waihona ʻAmelika o kēia wā

1. ʻO Denis Johnson Pua Uahi
2. Ua heleleʻi ke Aupuni ʻo Richard Russo i ka manawa o kā mākou mau mele na Richard Powers
3. No laila ua hōʻea mākou i ka hopena o Joshua Ferris
4. ʻO ʻEulopa waena e William T. Vollman
5. ʻO Gileada na Marilynne Robinson
6. ʻO ka hoʻomākeʻaka palena ʻole ', na David Foster Wallace
7. Ke Alaloa Nui o Cormac McCarthy
8. ʻO nā huakaʻi kupaianaha o Kavalier a me Klay na Michael Chabon
9. Lush Life na Richard Price
10. Honua Hewa: People of Wyoming na Annie Proulx
11. Pastoralia na George Saunders.
12. He aha ka mea na Dave Eggers
13. ʻO ko Thomas Pynchon hope ponoʻī

Ka Waihona Hispanika ʻAmelika

1. ʻO Federico García Lorca male male
2. Hoʻokahi haneli mau makahiki o ka noho kaʻawale na Gabriel García Márquez
3. ʻO Mrs. Bárbara de Rómulo Gallegos
4. He ākea ka honua a malihini e Ciro Alegría
5. ʻO ke alawai ʻo Ernesto Sábato
6. ʻO Jorge Luis Borges mau hana ʻino
7. Ke kūlanakauhale a me nā ʻīlio na Mario Vargas Llosa
8. ʻO ke aloha o Mario Benedetti
9. ʻO nā kahawai hohonu o José María Arguedas
10. ʻO Pedro Páramo na Juan Rulfo
11. ʻO Platero y oe na Juan Ramón Jiménez
12. ʻO Trilce na César Vallejo
13. Iwakālua mau mele aloha a me kahi mele weliweli na Pablo Neruda