20 Nā laʻana o ke kinoea ʻona - 'Ōuli

Anter

Nā laʻana o nā kinoea ʻawahia

ʻO kakinoea ʻawahia ʻO lākou nā mea o ka fickle, ke ʻano ethereal, o ka launa ʻana o ka mole mole a me ka hoʻonui kino kiʻekiʻe, nona ka launa pū ʻana me ke kino o ke kanaka e hoʻonāukiuki, ʻino a make paha. Nui nā huahana o nā hopena kemika kumu, manawaleʻa paha ʻaʻole, a lapalapa pū kekahi, mea hoʻoheheʻe a i ʻole palaʻai, no laila pono i kāna lawelawe ʻana i ka mālama kūikawā.

Wahi a ko lākou hopena i ke kino a me kā lākou hoʻohana, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e like me: asphyxiating, irritant, mixed, domestic, natural and warlike.

E nānā pū: Nā laʻana o nā mea hana ʻino

Nā laʻana o nā kinoea ʻawahia

Kalepona monokona (CO). ʻO kekahi o nā ʻano ʻawahia loa o hoʻohenehene ʻo carbon, he kinoea kala ʻole e hiki ai ke make i ka wā e hanu ʻia ai i ka nui. He kinoea maʻamau ia i ka honua ʻoihana: ʻo ia ka hopena o nā ʻenekini kuni a me ka lapalapa ʻana o ʻāpana uila a me nā meaola ʻē aʻe.
Sulfur dioxide (SO₂). Ke kinoea hoʻonāukiuki, kala ʻole, me kahi ʻala kikoʻī loa a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai, e lilo ana i waikawa: ʻo kēia ka hopena e kū i ka haumia ea a hoʻopuka i ka ua ʻakika. Hoʻokuʻu pinepine ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he huahana o ka hana ʻana i nā ʻoihana, ʻoiai ka pili o ka ʻōnaehana hanu e hoʻonāukiuki ia a me ka bronchitis.
ʻEnekini mākeke. ʻO kahi ʻohana o nā kemikona hoʻonāukiuki loa i hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā mea kaua o ke kaua (i ka makahiki 1915, i ke Kaua Honua Honua). Hiki ke mālama ʻia i nā ʻano ʻelua: nā mākia nitrogen a i ʻole nā pua puaʻa sulfur. ʻO ka launa pū ʻana me lākou ke kumu o ka pehu a me ka ulcerations ma ka ʻili a i ʻole nā membrane mucous a alakaʻi i ka asphyxia agonizing.
ʻ spraymū Pepper. ʻIke ʻia hoʻi me ke kākā waimaka, hiki iā ia ke hana i ka huhū haʻahaʻa a ʻeha hoʻi o ka mucular ocular a me ka hanu, a me ka makapō pōkole hoʻi. Hoʻohana ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he pale pale pilikino a i ʻole i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā hōʻike.
Lewisite. Ua hoʻomohala ʻia kahi kemika synthetic kiʻekiʻe loa e ka ʻoihana kaua ʻAmelika i ka wā o ke Kaua Honua mua a ʻelua. Ke hanu ʻia, hoʻonāukiuki ia i ka ʻeha, ʻeha, luaʻi, ihu a me ka edema pulmonary.
Ozone. ʻIke maʻamau kēia kinoea i ka lewa, pale iā mākou mai ka pāhawewe lā. He kākaʻikahi ia i ka nohona o kēlā me kēia lā. Hoʻokumu ka hōʻike i ka ozone i ka huhū i loko o ka ʻōnaehana hanu a me nā pane bronchial inflammatory. I nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe hiki ke kumu i ka cyanosis, ka luhi nui a me ka holo pono ʻole ʻana o ka hakuʻala.
ʻO Methane (CH₄). ʻO ka hydrocarbon alkane maʻalahi loa e kū nei kahi gas a hiki i ke asphyxiating hiki ʻole ke kala ʻia, kala ʻole, ʻaʻohe ʻaʻala, ʻaʻohe hiki ʻole i ka wai. I nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia e ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i ka oxygen mai ke kaiapuni.
Butane (C₄H₁₀). ʻO kekahi hydrocarbon maʻalahi a maʻalahi ʻole hoʻi, lawelawe pinepine ʻia i ka home a me ka hoʻohui o nā māka ʻaʻala, i mea e ʻike ai i kāna mau liu, no ka mea ʻaʻohe ona ʻaʻala. ʻAha ʻū paha ia. Hoʻopuka ia i ka hiamoe, hallucination a me ka nalo o ka noʻonoʻo ke hanu ʻia.
ʻEhu ahi. ʻIke ʻia e like me nā kinoea hoʻohuihui, no ka mea, he mau hui like ʻole o nā kinoea hoʻonāukiuki a me nā mea hoʻowahāwahā, e like me ke ʻano o nā mea i hoʻopau ʻia i ke ahi. ʻO ia ke kumu nui o ka make i loko o nā ahi, hāʻawi ʻia i nā hopena ākea ma ke kino: ka hanu ʻana, ka huhū nui, nekrosis, cyanosis, etc.
ʻO Cyanide(CN-). ʻO ia kekahi o nā mea ʻona i ʻike nui ʻia a me ka hopena lethal kokoke loa. I kona ʻano kinoea, he ʻaʻano kona ʻano (e like me nā pahu umauma), nona ka ʻaoʻao ʻike kokoke loa i ka make. Hoʻopilikia nā hopena kokoke i ka hanu ʻana o ke kelepona, a alakaʻi pinepine i ka hopu ʻia cardiorespiratory.
ʻO ka diatomic chlorine (Cl₂). ʻIke ʻia ma ke ʻano he dichloro, he ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo-melemele, me kahi ʻala ikaika a ʻoluʻolu ʻole a me nā mea kiʻekiʻe loa. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ia me he mea kaua o ke Kaua Honua Honua, ma muli o nā hopena pneumotoxic i ka noʻonoʻo waena. Hoʻohana ʻia ia i ka ʻoihana kemika a me nā ʻoihana, a me kekahi o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe o ko ka hale.
Nitrogen oxidesʻO wau(N₂A I OLE). Kāhea ʻia hoʻi ke kinoea ʻakaʻaka, kala ʻole ia, ʻaʻala, a ʻawahia iki hoʻi. ʻAʻole ia e lapalapa a ʻaʻole pahū, a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia no nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā hana anesthetic.
Phosphogen (COCl₂). ʻO ke kinoea ʻona, hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he pesticide a hoʻokomo i ka ʻoihana Plastics, hiki ke kala ʻole a lawe i ke ʻano o ke ao keʻokeʻo a melemele paha. ʻAʻole i loaʻa kūlohelohe ma nā wahi āpau, ʻaʻole wela ia, a he ʻaʻala maikaʻi ʻole kona. Hoʻonāukiuki nui a ʻūhā ia.
ʻAmonia (NH₃). Kapa ʻia hoʻi ke kinoea amonium, ʻaʻohe waihoʻoluʻu a me kahi ʻaʻala maikaʻi ʻole a ʻano ʻokoʻa hoʻi. Hoʻohana ākea ia i nā ʻoihana like ʻole a ke kanaka, ʻoiai he caustic a hoʻohaumia loa. Hiki i ke kino o ke kanaka ke hana iā ia ma o ka Urea Cycle a kipaku iā ia i ka mimi, akā i ka hopena me nā hui ʻē aʻe he ʻona loa ia a me ka wela ʻole.
Helium (H). Ke kinoea Monatomic e hōʻike ana i nā mea he nui o waiwai kinoea hanohanoHe kala ʻole a ʻaʻohe ʻaʻala ʻole, nui loa no ka hana ʻana o nā hōkū stellar iā ia mai ka hydrogen. Ke hanu ʻia, hoʻololi ia i ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻolahalaha ʻana o ke kani, kahi e hopena ai i nā leo kiʻekiʻe a wikiwiki hoʻi, akā ʻo ka nui loa o ka noʻonoʻo e hiki ke pani i ka oxygen a hana i ka hanu. ʻAʻole ʻona ia no kēlā me kēia.
Argon (Ar). ʻO kekahi o nā kinoea hanohano, waihoʻoluʻu ʻole a inert hoʻi, hana ʻole a maikaʻi ʻole hoʻi i ka wela, hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka ʻoihana uila. He asphyxiant maʻalahi ia, nona ka ʻona ma ka hōʻemi ʻana o ka oxygen i ke kaiapuni, no laila koi ʻia nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe nona.
ʻO Formaldehyde (CH₂A I OLE). ʻO ke kinoea kala ʻole me ka pilau loa o ka pilau, mai ia formaldehyde i hana ʻia ai, e mālama i nā mea olaola. He kinikōne ʻike ʻia ia a hoʻonāukiuki hoʻi i ka ʻōnaehana hanu.
Fluorine (F). ʻO ka electronegative a me ka reactive o nā mea āpau, he gas kōlea melemele me ka pilung ʻaʻala, nona ka hiki ke hoʻopaʻa i ka zinc a me ka iodine e lilo ia i mea ʻawaʻawa nui, hiki ke keʻakeʻa i ka hana maʻamau o ke aʻo ʻana, hoʻomanaʻo, hormonal, a me nā ʻōnaehana iwi. . a me ka ikaika o ke kino o ke kanaka.
ʻAcrolein(C₃H₄A I OLE). ʻOiai he wai ia i kona kūlana kūlohelohe, wela loa ia a evaporates wikiwiki i ka wā e wela ai, e hana ana i kahi kinoea e hoʻonāukiuki i ka ʻōnaehana hanu, ʻaʻole i aʻo maikaʻi ʻia nā hopena ʻawahia, akā kuhikuhi i ka ʻino maikaʻi o ka hū.
Kalepona dioxide (CO₂). Ka hopena kūlohelohe o ka hanu a me nā mea he nui kaʻina hana kuni, hiki iā ia ke hoʻopili i ka neʻe ʻana o nā mole oxygen, ʻoi aku ka kaumaha ma mua o ka ea a me ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. He pilau a kala ʻole hoʻi.