Anter
ʻO ka nā mea hoʻohaumia lewa nui ua hana ʻia lākou e ke kanaka, ʻo ia hoʻi he mea haumia exogenous. Kuhi ʻia nā kinoea a me nā mea ʻona ʻē aʻe e nā ʻano like ʻole hana hoʻokele waiwai kanaka.
Kū ka polū ke hiki ke alo a i ʻole ka hōʻiliʻili o kahi mea i hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ke kaiaola.
Hiki i nā kumuwaiwai o ka hoʻohaumia ke lawe i nā ʻano like ʻole:
- Hoʻoponopono: ʻO lākou ka poʻe i hoʻololi ʻole i kahi, loaʻa kēia i ka hopena o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā mea ʻino like i kahi. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma ka hihia o haumia ea ʻoiai ʻoiai paʻa ke kumu, hiki i ka makani ke pālahalaha i ka mea haumia ma kahi ʻāpana nui loa.
- Kelepona lawe lima: ʻO kēlā mau mea e hoʻololi i nā wahi i ka wā e hoʻokuʻu ana i nā mea haumia, e hoʻonui ana i ka wahi i hoʻopilikia ʻia.
- ʻĀpana: Ke loaʻa i nā ʻāpana nui a me nā kumuwaiwai liʻiliʻi o ka haumia, ma ka huina o kā lākou hoʻokuʻu ʻana, e hoʻopili i kahi wahi.
- Nā phenomena kūlohelohe: Hiki ke hoʻopilikia ʻia ke kaiaolaola e nā kumuwaiwai i pili ʻole i ka hana a ke kanaka. I kēia mau hihia ʻōlelo mākou i ka haumia endogenous. I ka hihia o ka ea, kahi laʻana o ka haumia endogenous ka Hū pele. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole nā mea hoʻohaumia kūlohelohe nā mea haumia ea nui, e like me ka papa inoa e hōʻike ai.
E nānā pū: 12 Nā laʻana o ka haumia i ke kūlanakauhale
Nā mea haumia ea nui
Kalepona monokona (CO): ʻO ke kinoea kala ʻole ʻona ʻawahia loa i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole e hoʻolōʻihi ʻia. Ma ka laulā, ʻaʻole i loaʻa maʻa mau i nā concentrations kiʻekiʻe lawa e kumu wikiwiki lāʻau make. Eia nō naʻe, weliweli loa nā kapuahi kuni i ka wahie (wahie, wahie, lānahu) inā ʻaʻohe o lākou hoʻonohonoho pono e ʻae ai i kahi puka ea. ʻEhā miliona mau kānaka e make i kēlā me kēia makahiki mai ka lāʻau make kalapona monoxide. Hele mai
- ʻO 86% o nā emissions carbon carbon mai ka halihali ʻana (kahi mea haumia i nā kūlanakauhale a me ke kaʻa uila i ka lawe mamao lōʻihi)
- 6% wahie kuni i ka ʻoihana (pollutant paʻa)
- 3% nā hana ʻenehana ʻē aʻe
- 4% puhi ʻana a me nā kaʻina hana ʻē aʻe ʻole i ʻike ʻole ʻia (e laʻa me nā kapuahi, nā mea haumia ʻāpana)
Nitrogen oxides (NO, NO2, NOx): Ka hui ʻana o nitric oxide a me nitrogen dioxide. ʻOiai hana ʻia ia i nā mea he nui e ka hana a ke kanaka, oxidized ʻia (hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e ka oxygen) i ka lewa. ʻO kekahi o nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole o kēia ʻekehu komo lākou i loko o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka ua waikawa, a lilo i mea haumia ʻaʻole wale no ka lewa akā ʻo ka lepo hoʻi a o ka wai. Hele mai:
- 62% o ka lawe. Loaʻa ka noʻonoʻo o NO2 (nitrogen dioxide) ma nā wahi kokoke i nā ala kaʻa, a ua loaʻa nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ka ʻōnaehana hanu, ʻoiai ke hōʻike ʻia i kēia oxide no nā wā pōkole.
- 30% o ka puhi ahi no ka hanauna mana. Hoʻohana nā ʻoihana a me nā lehulehu he nui i nā wahie e hoʻoulu ai i ka ikehu. Eia nō naʻe nā koho hoʻomaʻemaʻe e like me ka makani, ka ikehu lā a i ʻole ka ikehu uila e pale i ka puka ʻana o nā mea haumia.
- Hana ʻia 7% a pau e: i ka wā o ka decomposition i hana ʻia e ka koʻohune, nā ululāʻau ahi, nā hana lua pele. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka hapa nui o nā ahi nahele e ka hana a ke kanaka. Hoʻohui ʻia, hoʻopau ka maʻi bacteria i kahi nui i nā landfills, ma muli o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa o nā ʻōpala ʻokanika. I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, he hapa liʻiliʻi wale nō o nā emissions nitrogen i hana ʻia e nā mea haumia maoli.
Sulfur dioxide (SO2): Ua loaʻa kahi pilina ma waena o nā kūlana hanu i loko o nā kānaka a me ka paʻa o ka sulfur dioxide i ka lewa. Eia hou, ʻo ia ke kumu nui o ka ua waikawa, kahi e hoʻopili ai i ke kaiaolaola holoʻokoʻa. lepo lepo a me nā papa wai. Hiki ʻaneʻane wale nō ia (93%) mai ke ahi wahie kākāhiko (Nā aila kūmole). Kū pinepine kēia puhi ʻana i mea e loaʻa ai ka ikehu, akā i nā kaʻina ʻoihana ("ʻoihana chimney") a i ka halihali.
Pākuʻi kau ʻia: Kapa ʻia ia he partulate, ʻo ia nā huna paʻa a i ʻole wai waiho wale ʻia i ka lewa. I mea e kāpae ʻia ai kahi mea kinoea ʻole i ka lewa, pono ia e loaʻa kahi anawaena kikoʻī i kapa ʻia ʻo "aerodynamic diameter" (ke anawaena o kahi sphere i loaʻa kahi nuʻa o 1 gram no kēlā me kēia kenimika cubic i like ka wikiwiki o ka terminal i ka lewa me ka huna o ka huna i nīnau ʻia. Hele mai
- Pau ʻole ka puhi ʻana i kekahi mea: nā wahie fossil, ʻōpala a i nā kūaka hoʻi.
- ʻO lākou kekahi mau ʻāpana silica mai ka pōhaku pulverization a me nā aniani a me nā hana hana brick.
- Hana nā hana lole i ka lepo lepo.
Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC): Kūleʻa pinepine lākou i ka hana ʻana o nā aerosols, ʻoiai i kēia manawa ua emi ka hoʻohana ʻana ma muli o kā lākou hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ke kaiapuni. Hoʻohana pū ʻia lākou i nā ʻōnaehana hoʻoheno. Hoʻopili kēia kinoea i nā huna ozone o ka papa e pale ai i ka Honua, e hoʻoliʻiliʻi ana iā ia. Ke kāhea "puka ozone”Haʻalele i nā wahi o ka honua i pale ʻole i ka pale o ka lā e hoʻopōʻino i nā kānaka, nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona.
ʻIke hou aku?
- Nā laʻana o ka haumia ea
- Nā laʻana o ka Pollution Wai
- Nā laʻana o ka hoʻohaumia lepo
- Nā laʻana o ka haumia i ke kūlanakauhale
- Nā mea poke wai nui
- Nā laʻana o nā Pilikia Kūlohelohe
