Nā mīkini loaʻa

Anter

• ʻIli
• ʻ .lelo
• Ihu
• Nā Maka
• Lohe ʻana

ʻO ka mīkini ʻimi ʻike He ʻāpana lākou o ka ʻōnaehana hopohopo, ʻoiai he hopena nerve ia i loko o nā ʻōnaehana sensory.

ʻO ka nā ʻōnaehana sensory ʻo lākou ka ʻili, ka ihu, ka elelo, nā maka a me nā pepeiao.

Lawe ʻia nā mea hoʻonāukiuki i loaʻa i nā mea loaʻa i ke ʻikepili ma o ka ʻōnaehana hopohopo i ka cerebral cortex. Hiki i kēia mau mea hoʻonāukiuki ke hoʻonāukiuki i nā ʻano manawaleʻa a pilikino paha. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻo ke anuanu o ke anuanu i ʻike ʻia e nā mea loaʻa sensory o ka ʻili hiki ke hana i kahi hopena manawaleʻa e hoʻopili a me ka hopena i ka haʻalulu.

Ke loaʻa i ka ʻōnaehana hopohopo kahi mea hoʻouluulu mai nā receptor sensory, hoʻopuka ʻia kahi kauoha i nā mākala a me nā glands, a pēlā e hana ai ma ke ʻano he hopena, ʻo ia nā mea e hōʻike i nā pane ʻokanika.

ʻO ka pane i nā mea hoʻonāukiuki hiki ke lilo i kaʻa (ʻo ka effector kahi mākala) a i ʻole hormonal (ʻo ka effector kahi gland).

Loaʻa i nā mea loaʻa nā sensory kekahi mau ʻano:

• Kūpono lākou: pili kēlā me kēia mea loaʻa i kahi ʻano stimulus. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻo nā mea loaʻa wale i ka alelo ka mea hiki ke ʻono.
• Hoʻololi lākou: Ke hoʻomau ka mea hoʻonāukiuki, hoʻemi ka hopena hopohopo.
• Excitability: ʻO ia ka hiki ke hana i nā stimuli, e pili ana i kahi stimulus i kahi kikoʻī o ka lolo a i kahi hopena.
• Pane lākou i kahi coding: ʻO ka nui o ka ikaika o ka stimulus, ʻo ka nui o nā impulses nerve i hoʻouna ʻia.

E like me ke kumu o ka stimulus i hoʻomākaukau lākou e loaʻa, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea loaʻa i ke ʻano:

• Nā mea loaʻa kūwaho: ʻO lākou nā pūnaewele pūnana nerve i hiki ke loaʻa i nā stimuli mai ke kaiapuni ma waho o ke kino.
• Nā Internoceptors: ʻO kēia nā mea e ʻike i nā loli i loko o ke kino o ke kino, e like me ka mahana o ke kino, ka hoʻohui a me ka acidity o ke koko, ke kahe o ke koko, a me nā concentrations o carbon dioxide a me oxygen.
• Nā Proprioceptors: ʻO lākou nā mea e ʻike i nā ʻano o ka loli o ke kūlana, no ka laʻana, i ka neʻe ʻana i ke poʻo a i ʻole nā ​​ʻaoʻao.

Nā Mīkini Mīkini Sensory:

ʻIli

Kaomi, ka wela a me nā mea loaʻa anu i ka ʻili. Hoʻokumu lākou i ka mea a mākou e kapa mau ai he "hoʻopā."

1. Nā pahu kupapaʻu Ruffini: He thermoreceptors peripheral lākou, kahi e hopu ai i ka wela.
2. Krause corpuscles: ʻO lākou nā thermoreceptors peripheral e hopu i ke anuanu.
3. Vater-Pacini mau kupapaʻu: ʻO kēlā mau mea e ʻike i ke kaomi ma ka ʻili.
4. ʻIke pū nā disk a Merkel i ke kaomi.
5. ʻOiai ma ka pā e ʻike pū ai mākou i ka ʻeha, loaʻa nā nociceptors i ka ʻili, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā mea loaʻa ʻeha. ʻOi aku ka kikoʻī, he mau mīkini, ʻike lākou i nā mea hōʻoki i ka ʻili.
6. Hāpai nā kupapaʻu o Meiisner i ka haʻalulu akahai, e like me nā mele ʻana.

ʻ .lelo

Eia ke ʻano o ka ʻono.

1. Nā hua ono: ʻO lākou nā chemoreceptors. Aia ma kahi o 10,000 mau hopena nerve e puʻunaue ʻia ma luna o ka lehelehe o ke alelo. Kūlike kēlā me kēia ʻano chemoreceptor no hoʻokahi ʻano o ka ʻono: ono, paʻakai, ʻono, a ʻawaʻawa. Hoʻolahalaha ʻia nā ʻano chemoreceptors āpau ma ke alelo, akā ʻo kēlā me kēia ʻano i ʻoi aku ka paʻa i kekahi wahi. ʻO kahi laʻana, loaʻa nā chemoreceptors no nā meaʻono ma ka piko o ke alelo, ʻoiai kēlā mau mea i hoʻomaʻa e ʻike i ka ʻawaʻawa ma lalo o ke alelo.

Ihu

Eia ke ʻano o ka pilau.

1. ʻO Olbactory bulb a me kona mau lālā nerve: Aia nā lālā nerve i ka hopena o nā puka ihu (ma ka ʻaoʻao luna) a loaʻa nā stimulus mai ka ihu a me ka waha. No laila ʻo kahi ʻāpana a mākou e noʻonoʻo ai e like me ka ʻono i hele maoli mai i nā mea ʻala. I loko o kēia mau lālā he mau ʻola olfactory e hoʻoili i nā impulses i hōʻiliʻili ʻia e ka ʻōpala olfactory, kahi e hoʻopili ai me ke aʻalolo olfactory, a laila e lawe i kēia mau impulses i ka cerebral Cortex. Hele mai nā hunaola Olfactory mai ka pituitary melemele, kahi mucosa i loaʻa ma ka ʻaoʻao kiʻekiʻe o nā puka ihu. Hiki i kēia mau keena ke ʻike i nā ʻala ʻehiku: camphor, musky, floral, minty, ethereal, pungent and putrid. Eia nō naʻe, aia he mau kaukani hoʻohui like ma waena o kēia mau ʻala ʻehiku.

Nā Maka

Eia ke ʻano o ka ʻike.

1. Nā maka: Hana ʻia lākou i ka iris (ka ʻāpana kala o ka maka), ka haumāna (ka ʻāpana ʻeleʻele o ka maka) a me ka sclera (ka ʻāpana keʻokeʻo o ka maka). Pale ʻia nā maka e nā poʻi o luna a me lalo. I loko o lākou, pale ka maka maka iā lākou mai ka lepo. ʻO ka waimaka kekahi ʻano pale o ka pale ma muli o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe mau.

Ma ka huli, hōʻike ka iwi poʻo i kahi pale ʻoʻoleʻa, ʻoiai aia nā maka i nā kumu o ka maka, i hoʻopuni ʻia e ka iwi. Hōʻalo kēlā me kēia maka i nā mākala ʻehā. Aia ka retina ma loko o ka maka, e uhi ana i nā paia o loko. ʻO ka retina ka receptor sensory e hoʻohuli i nā stimuli ʻike i nā impulses nerve.

Eia nō naʻe, pili ka hana pololei ʻana o ka maka i ka curvature o ke kō, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka ʻaoʻao mua a me ka aniani o ka maka e uhi ana i ka iris a me ka haumāna. Kuhi kahi curvature ʻoi aku a nui paha i hiki ʻole ke kiʻi i ka retina a no laila ʻaʻole hiki ke unuhi pololei ʻia e ka lolo.

Lohe ʻana

I kēia ʻōpala aia nā kuleana ʻelua i nā lohe no ka hoʻolohe ʻana, a me nā mea no ke kaulike.

1. ʻO Cochlea: ʻO ia ka mea loaʻa i loaʻa i ka pepeiao o loko a loaʻa nā haʻalulu kani a lawe iā lākou i ke ʻano o nā aʻa aʻa i loko o ke aʻalolo lohe, e lawe iā lākou i ka lolo. Ma mua o ka hiki ʻana i ka pepeiao o loko, komo ke kani ma o ka pepeiao i waho (pinna a i atrium) a laila ma waena o ka pepeiao waena, i loaʻa nā haʻalulu kani ma o ka eardrum. Lawe ʻia kēia mau haʻalulu i ka pepeiao o loko (kahi i loaʻa ai ka cochlea) ma o nā iwi liʻiliʻi i kapa ʻia ka hāmare, ke kuamoʻo, a me nā ʻaʻa.
2. Nā Kanal Semicircular: Loaʻa pū lākou i ka pepeiao o loko. ʻEkolu mau paipu i loaʻa i loko o endolymph, kahi wai e hoʻomaka e hoʻopuni ke huli ke poʻo, mahalo i nā otoliths, he mau aniani liʻiliʻi ʻike i ka neʻe.