Anter
ʻO kahoʻokūpaʻa he hana kino e alakaʻi i ka mea mai a kūlana wai i kēia manawa kūlana paʻa, ma ka hoʻololi ʻana i kā lākou mau kūlana o mahana (ke kūpulu) a i ʻole kaomi, a i ʻole ma o ka nalo ʻana o ka wai mai mahuʻi (hoʻopau hoʻomoe). ʻO ia ke kaʻina hana hope o hoʻohuihui.
Hele ʻo Solidification i nā kaʻina aʻe:
- ʻAno wai o ka mea. Loaʻa ka nui o ka ikehu i kāna mau ʻāpana a aia i kahi kūlana o ka neʻe kiʻekiʻe.
- ʻO ka helehelena o nā nuclei paʻa i loko o ka wai, e like me nā aniani a i ʻole hoʻoliʻiliʻi paʻakikī i ka ʻike wai.
- ʻO ka helehelena o nā dendrite i loko o ka wai: nā laina paʻa e hoʻohui i ka nuclei a hōʻike i ke ʻano o nā poloka paʻa a semi-solid paha.
- ʻO ka helehelena o nā hua palaʻa paʻa a me ka nalo o ka neʻe ʻana o nā mea liʻiliʻi, nā hopena i ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai.
Hiki iā ia ke lawelawe iā ʻoe: Nā laʻana o Solidification, Fusion, Evaporation, Sublimation a me Condence
Nā laʻana o ka solidification
Hana hau. I ka lawe ʻana mai i ka wai i kona wahi paʻa o 0 ° C, ua nalowale ka wai i kāna neʻe a lilo i mokuʻāina paʻa, a pēlā e hana ai i ka hau i ke ʻano o ka ipu kahi i paʻa ka wai.
Ke hana ʻana i ka ihoiho. Hana ʻia mai nā paraffins i loaʻa mai ka ʻaila ʻaila, hāʻawi ʻia lākou i ko lākou ʻano a hoʻokomo ʻia ka wick me ka wax ma kahi ʻano wai a ʻoi aku paha, ma muli o ka hopena o ka wela. A laila, i ke anuanu, paʻakikī ka wax a paʻa a hiki i ka hoʻā ʻana o ka wick, no ka mea hoʻihoʻi ke ahi i kāna waiwai.
Ka hana kāhiko ʻana. Hoʻohana ʻia ke gula, ke kālā a me nā metala waiwai ʻē aʻe i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e hana i nā mea hoʻonaninani: nā apo, nā lei, a pēlā aku. I ka manawa i kahi moku wai, ʻae ʻia ka metala e hōʻalili i kahi punahelu kikoʻī, kahi e puka paʻa ai a kūpaʻa hoʻi.
Hana kokoleka. I mea e hana ai i ka kokoleka, hoʻohana ʻia kahi pauka i loaʻa mai ka hoʻomoʻa ʻana a me ka wili ʻana o ka koko, i hui ʻia me ka wai a me ka waiū e hana i kahi pā semi-wai, a laila hoʻomaʻalili ʻia a hoʻomaloʻo ʻia e loaʻa nā ʻano kikoʻī o kāna kalepa ʻana.
Ke hana ʻana i nā brick. Hana ʻia nā pōhaku lepo mai kahi kāwili ʻia o nā pālolo a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, i loko o kahi paʻi semi-wai, loaʻa i ko lākou ʻano kikoʻī. Hoʻomoʻa ʻia kēia hui e hoʻopau i ka wai a hāʻawi iā ia i ka paʻa a me ke kūpaʻa.
Ke hana aniani. Hoʻomaka ka hana ʻana i nā ipu aniani o nā ʻano like ʻole mai ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā mea maka (ke one silica, calcium carbonate a me ka limestone), a hiki i ka hāʻawi ʻia ʻana i ke kūlike kūpono e puhi a kāwili iā ia, a laila hoʻomaʻalili iā ia a ʻae iā ia e loaʻa kona ʻano paakiki a me ka transparency.
Hana hana. Mai ke kila kila (ka hao o ka hao a me ke kalapona), hana ʻia nā pono hana like ʻole a me nā pono hana no kēlā me kēia lā, nona ke kūʻē ʻana i nā hopena, kaomi a me ka wela, no ka mea, hoʻohui ʻia ke kuʻi kila i nā mahana wela (ma kahi o 1535 ° C), kākaʻikahi ka hana. hiki ke loaʻa ma waho o nā umu hana. ʻAe ʻia ke kila wai e hoʻalili a paʻa i kahi pala a loaʻa ka mea hana.
Hoʻomākaukau gelatin. ʻOiai he colloid (semisolid) ia, i kiʻi ʻia mai ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o collagen mai ka pīpī ʻana a me ka hydration o nā mea hoʻopili o ka holoholona, he laʻana ia o ka solidification ma o ka lilo ʻana o ka wela i mea e pono ai ka hui wai.
Hana hana Latex. ʻO Latex kahi hopena colloidal o nā momona, nā waxes a me nā kēpau o ke kumu o nā mea kanu, a me nā mea elima i ʻike ʻia. Hoʻomaka ka hana ʻana no nā mīkina lima a condom paha me ka hōʻiliʻili o nā mea a me ka mālama ʻana i ka kemika e mālama i ka wai, kona aila aʻe a me ka hana ʻana o nā papa lahilahi loa o ka mea, i kēia manawa, ʻae ʻia e hoʻomaloʻo a paʻa.
Gestation of igneous pōhaku. ʻO ka pōhaku igneous Loaʻa ko lākou kumu i ka magma lua pele e noho ana i nā papa hohonu o ka honua, i ka wā e anuanu ai i ka papa e anuanu, hoʻonui a paʻakikī, a lilo i pōhaku.
Hana Candy. Loaʻa kēia mau mea ʻono i ke ahi a me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ke kō maʻamau, a hiki i ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi wai wai brownish i hiki, i ka manawa i ninini ʻia i kahi pala, e ʻae ʻia e paʻakikī e hana i kahi caramel.
Paʻahau ʻo Mercury. Ma ka lawe ʻia o 45 ° C, mercury, i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he wai wai, paʻa, nona ke kū i ke ana wela o ka lumi.
Hana lima hoʻohālike o ka pālolo. ʻO Clay kahi ʻano lepo, ke hydrated, lilo i malleable a hiki ke hana i nā ipu hao, nā kiʻi a me nā pono hana. Ke hoʻomaloʻo koke ʻia, paʻakikī ka pālolo a paʻa, a lilo i mea kūpaʻa.
Ka hana ʻana i nā sausa koko. E like me nā sausages ʻē aʻe, hana ʻia ke sausage koko mai ke koko i hoʻohui ʻia a marino ʻia, hoʻōla ʻia i loko o ka ʻili o ka pua puaʻa. Ke kōwili ʻana, lilo ke koko wai i ʻiʻo paʻa o ka sausage koko.
Hana pataa i ʻole margarine. ʻO kekahi o nā kaʻina hana ʻoihana o kēia mau meaʻai nā saturation o nā aila o nā mea kanu a holoholona paha, ʻo ia hoʻi, ko lākou hyperhydrogenation, e hoʻoikaika i nā paʻa hoʻokahi e lilo i mau paʻa pālua. Ma o kēia kaʻina hana, lilo ka aila i paʻa a i ʻole colloid (e like me ka bata) i ka mahana o ka lumi.
E nānā pū:
- Nā laʻana mai nā wai a i nā ʻūlū (a me nā ala ʻē aʻe)
- Nā laʻana mai nā wai a hiki i nā Kinoea (a me nā ala ʻē aʻe)
- He aha ka Solidification, Fusion, Evaporation, Sublimation a me Condence?
