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Anter
ʻO ka aluminika ʻO ia ke kolu o ka nui o nā kemika i loko o ka honua, a hana ʻia ma kahi o 7% o kāna nui. Pili ia a metala keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo a me ke kālā, ʻano kūpaʻa i ke kūpikipiki.
Ua ʻike ʻia i ka hoʻomaka o ke kenekulia 19, e ka ʻepekema Kelemania ʻo Friedrich Wohler i hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale iā ia i kona ʻano maʻemaʻe, e kiʻi ana i ka mea i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia he māmā loa, a ʻo ka lua o nā mea hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.
Nā waiwai kemika
E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia, no ka hui ka aluminika metala, ka mea e lilo ai palupalu a i kēia manawa nā pae hoʻoheheʻe haʻahaʻa. ʻO ka mokuʻāina o ka aluminika (nona ka hōʻailona kemika ʻo Al) paʻa i kona ʻano kūlohelohe, a he wahi hoʻoheheʻe ʻo 933.47 kekelē Kelvin (661.32 kekelē Celsius) a me kahi kiko paila o 2792 kekelē Kelvin (2519, 85 kekelē Celsius).
Eia kekahi: Nā laʻana o nā mea a me kā lākou waiwai
No hea mai ia?
ʻO Aluminium, kahi mea nui a pono i ka hana kanaka, Lawe nui ʻia ia mai bauxite kahi ʻano pālolo nui ma kekahi mau ʻāina e like me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
He mea nui kēia nīnau no ka unuhi ʻana, no ka mea, ʻoiai ʻo ka aluminika kahi mea maʻamau i ke ʻano. ʻaʻole hōʻike manuahi ʻia ia akā hana pū ʻia. ʻO ia ke kumu i hiki ʻole ai i kahi ʻāpana nui o ka alumini i ka honua (maʻa mau i loaʻa i nā pōhaku) ke lawe a hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana.
E nānā pū:
- No hea ka aila i unuhi ʻia?
- No hea ke gula?
- No hea ka hao?
- No hea mai kēpau?
Hoʻolālā alumini
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine ʻia ʻelua mau ʻano hana e loaʻa ai ka aluminika:
- Hana Bayer: Hoʻomaka ke kaʻina hana me ka wili ʻana i ka bauxite, a mālama iā ia me ka lime (CaO) wela. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea mānoanoa, ʻo ia ka one, me kēia kaʻina hana, e waiho nei i kahi hui i ʻae ʻia e hōʻalili a hiki i ka piʻi ʻana o ka paʻa. Hoʻohui ʻia kēia paʻa me ka wai a me ka helu, i kahi ala e loaʻa ai ka alumini iho.
- Kaʻina hana Hall-Héroult: Eia ka mea i hana ʻia e hōʻemi i ka cation Aluminium i loaʻa iā 3 mau ion maikaʻi i kahi mea ʻaʻohe uku. ʻO ka mea i hana ʻia kahi ala o ka uila i loko o ka cell react, no ia mea e pono ai e hoʻoheheʻe i ka aluminika i hui pū ʻia me ka oxygen. I kekahi manawa ua hui ʻia me ka cryolite no ka haʻahaʻa o ka mahana o ka hoʻoheheʻe, no laila ʻaʻole pono nā reactors e hana i kahi mahana kiʻekiʻe e loaʻa ai ka alumini.
Nā hoʻohana o ke aluminiuma
No ke aha ke alumini? ʻO ka mea nui o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka alumini hiki ke hōʻoia i ka nui o nā hoʻohana o kēia mea i ka ʻoihana:
- Hoʻohana ʻia ia e hana i kahi nui o kēpau a o ka pāpaʻi, maʻamau i ka hōʻaiʻē.
- ʻO ka paʻi ʻana o kālā hoʻohana pinepine i ka aluminika.
- Hoʻohui ʻia ʻo Aluminium i wahie kaʻa lele.
- ʻO ka hapa nui o ka kāpena o nā kūlanakauhale i hana ʻia me ka aluminika.
- ʻO nā kia o ka moku holo hana mau ʻia lākou i ka aluminika.
- ʻO ka mea hana hale ʻaneʻane hana ʻia lākou i ka alumini.
- ʻO nā ala o ka lawe ʻana he mahele nui o ka aluminika, i waena o ia mau mea nā kaʻa, nā mokulele, nā kaʻa kalaka, nā kaʻaahi, nā moku a me nā paikikala.
- ʻO ka hiki i ka wela wela e hoʻohana i ka aluminika i ka uila uilae hōʻalo ai i ka wela.
- ʻO ka kukui uila hana mau ʻia ia mau mea
- I ka Lapaʻau wai Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia ka aluminika.
Hoʻomau
ʻO ka nui o ka mea nui o ka aluminiuma kahi mea hoʻomau, mai ka mālama ʻana i nā pae hana i kēia manawa (a i ʻole ke ulu nei i ka helu e hana nei), ua manaʻo ʻia ʻike ʻia nā mālama mālama bauxite no nā makahiki he haneli. Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻaneʻane hiki ke hana hou hou ʻia nā huahana alumini e hana hou i nā huahana, me ka ʻole o ka lilo o ka maikaʻi o ka hao a me nā waiwai.
