Nā kumu kemika

Anter

• Nā hoʻohana o nā kumu
• Nā laʻana o nā kumu kemika

A kahua kemika ʻo ia wale nō hoʻokuʻu ka mea i hoʻonā i ka wai i nā hydroxyl ion (OH^–). ʻO nā kumu kemika i ʻike ʻia he alkalis, no ka mea ma o ka haʻalele ʻana a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā hui hydroxyl, ka pH piʻi ka hopena, ʻo ia hoʻi, lilo ka hopena i alkaline. Kū'ē kēia i ka mea e hana ke a ʻākika, no ka mea i kēlā hihia ke emi nei ka pH a lilo ka hopena i waikawa.

ʻO ka kahua he ʻono ʻawaʻawa ko lākou. Ma hope o ka hemo ʻana, alakaʻi nā hopena hopena i ke au uila (ma muli o ke alo o nā iona) a pinepine lākou i caustic a hoʻonāukiuki i ka ʻili a me nā kino kanaka a me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe.

Nā kumu hoʻopau lākou i nā waikawa, hana mau i nā paʻakai. ʻAno palupalu a kopa hoʻi nā hopena Alkaline; Hana kēia no ka mea hana koke lākou i ka saponification o ka nā momona ma ka ʻili o ka ʻili.

ʻO ka solubility o hydroxides hilinaʻi nui i ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia: ka poʻe o ka hui (I) ka mea hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻo nā hydroxide o nā mea me ke kēkelē o ka ʻokikoki (II) ka mea hiki ʻole ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a ʻo nā kekelē o ka ʻokikoki (III) a i ʻole (IV) aneane hiki ʻole ke hemo. . ʻO nā kumu Amine a me nā ʻikika nukelika ka mea ākea ākea o nā kumu kumu.

Nā hoʻohana o nā kumu

Hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo Sodium hydroxide i ka ʻoihana: ʻo ia ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻoka kēpau. I ka hana ana i ka kopa Hoʻohana ʻia nā momona holoholona a mea ʻai paha, i hoʻolapalapa ʻia me hydroxide sodium, no laila hana ʻia ka sodium stearate.

Hoʻohana pū ʻia ʻo Sodium hydroxide i ka hana ʻana i nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe umu, i ka hana ʻana i ka pepa pepa a me kekahi nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe hale. ʻO kekahi kumu i hoʻohana ākea ʻia ka calcium hydroxide, ʻo ia ka lime hoʻohana ʻia ma ke kūkulu ʻana.

Nā laʻana o nā kumu kemika