Anter
- Pohaku kuʻi
- Nā laʻana o nā pōhaku igneous
- Pōhaku sedimentary
- Nā laʻana o nā pōhaku sedimentary
- Pōhaku metamorphic
- Nā laʻana o nā pōhaku metamorphic
ʻO ka pōhaku ʻo ka hui o hoʻokahi a ʻoi paha nā minelala. Hana ʻia lākou e nā kaʻina hana kālaihonua. Hoʻololi mau ʻia nā pōhaku e ka hana a nā ʻenekalakala ʻokoʻa, e like me ka wai a me ka makani, a me nā mea ola.
ʻO ka pōhaku Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou e like me kā lākou waiwai:
Pohaku kuʻi
ʻO ka pōhaku igneous nā hopena o hoʻokūpaʻa o ka magma. ʻO ka Magma kahi nui o ka mineral i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, ʻo ia, he kahe kona. Loaʻa i ka Magma nā minela ʻelua a me nā kinoea palupalu a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia.
Hiki i nā pōhaku Igneous ke komo i loko a extrusive paha:
- ʻO ka pōhaku komo komo, i kapa ʻia hoʻi he plutonics, ʻo ia ka mea nui a hana i nā ʻaoʻao hohonu o ka honua.
- ʻO ka pōhaku extrusive, i kapa ʻia he lua pele, i hoʻokumu ʻia ma muli o ke anuanu o ka pele ma ka ʻili o ka honua.
Nā laʻana o nā pōhaku igneous
- Pohaku (plutonic): hina a ʻulaʻula paha i ke kala. I haku ʻia o ka quartz, potassium feldspar a me mica.
- ʻO Porphyry (plutonic): ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula i ke kala. Hana ʻia o feldspar a me ka quartz.
- ʻO Gabbro (plutonic): ʻaʻano i ke ʻano. Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo calcium plagioclase, pyroxene, olivine, hornblende, a me hypersthene.
- ʻO Syenite (plutonic): hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ia mai ka granite no ka mea ʻaʻohe ona quartz. Loaʻa nā feldspar, oligoclases, albite, a me nā minelala ʻē aʻe.
- ʻO Greenstone (plutonic): waena ma ka haku mele ʻana: ʻelua hapakolu o ka plagioclase a me ka hapakolu o nā minelala pouli.
- Peridotite (plutonic): ʻeleʻele i ke kala a me ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. Haku ʻia ʻaneʻane holoʻokoʻa o pyroxene.
- ʻO Tonalite (plutonic): haku ʻia i ka quartz, plagioclase, hornblende, a me biotite.
- Basalt (lua pele): ʻeleʻele i ke kala, i haku ʻia me ka magnesium a me nā silicates hao, i mea e hoʻohui ai i ka ʻike silica haʻahaʻa.
- Andesite (lua pele): ʻeleʻele a i ʻole hina hina i ke kala. I haku ʻia o nā plagioclase a me nā minelala ferromagnesic.
- Rhyolite (lua pele) o nā kala ʻeleʻele, hina a ʻulaʻula. Hoʻokumu ʻia e ka quartz a me ka potassium feldspar.
- Dacite (lua pele): kiʻekiʻe i ka ʻike hao, haku ʻia ia o plagioclase feldspar.
- Trachyte (lua pele): haku ʻia o potassium feldspar a me plagioclase, biotite, pyroxene a me hornblende.
Pōhaku sedimentary
ʻO ka pōhaku sedimentary Hoʻokumu ʻia lākou mai ka hoʻololi a me ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā pōhaku ʻē aʻe i noho ma mua. I kēia ala, hana ʻia nā koena waiho i hiki ke noho i kahi like kahi i kū mai ai a i lawe ʻia paha e ka wai, ka makani, ka hau a me nā kai o ka moana.
Hoʻokumu ʻia nā pōhaku sedimentary e diagenesis (compaction, sima) o sediment. Hana nā sediment ʻokoʻa i ka strata, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā papa i hana ʻia e ka waiho.
Nā laʻana o nā pōhaku sedimentary
- Hakahaka: pōhaku sedimentary detrital, haku ʻia i nā ʻāpana pōhaku angular ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 2 millimeter. Hoʻopili ʻia kēia mau ʻāpana e ka sima kūlohelohe.
- Pohaku: Pōhaku sedimentary Detrital, o nā kala like ʻole, i loaʻa nā clasts i ka nui o ke one.
- Shale: pōhaku sedrary detrital. Hana ʻia i nā ʻōpala clastic, i nā huna huna i ka nui o ka pālolo a me ka silt.
- Loam: i haku ʻia me ka calcite a me nā pālolo. Keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo i ke kala.
- Limestone: haku ʻia ka hapa nui o ka calcium carbonate. Hiki ke keʻokeʻo, ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele paha.
Pōhaku metamorphic
ʻO ka Pōhaku metamorphic nā mea i hana ʻia e ka ulu ʻana o kahi pōhaku i hana ʻia i kahi ʻokoʻa ikaika loa mai ka hoʻokumu ʻana (e laʻa me ka ʻoi aku o ke anuanu a ʻoi aku o ka wela, a i ʻole ka loli koʻikoʻi nui).
Hiki i ka Metamorphism ke holomua a i ʻole regressive. Kū ka metamorphism holomua i ka wā e hoʻokau ʻia ai ka pōhaku i kahi mahana kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, akā me ka ʻole o ka hoʻoheheʻe.
Kū ka metamorphism regresive ke hiki i kahi pōhaku i ulu i ka hohonu hohonu (kahi i ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kaomi a me ka wela) a ke hoʻokokoke i ka papa i kūleʻa a ulu.
Nā laʻana o nā pōhaku metamorphic
- Kinikini: pōhaku metamorphic compact i ulu mai nā pōhaku limestone i hoʻokau ʻia i ke kiʻekiʻe wela a me ke kaomi. ʻO kāna kumumea kumu he kalepona kalapona.
- ʻO Gneiss: i haku ʻia me ka quartz, feldspar a me mica. Ua like kona ʻano me ka granite akā hana ia i mau papa kuapo o ka māmā a me nā minela ʻeleʻele.
- Quartzite: pāleo metamorphic paʻakikī me ka ʻike quartz kiʻekiʻe.
- Amphibolite: nā pōhaku kahiko loa i loaʻa.
- Nā Granulite: i hana ʻia e ke kaʻina hana mahana kiʻekiʻe. Keʻokeʻo i ke kala, me nā garnet inlays. Loaʻa lākou ma nā kualono kai.
