Nā laʻana o Biomolecules - 'Ōuli

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Launch
Nā ʻano biomolecules
Kālepaʻa
Lipids
Pūmua

ʻO ka biomolecules ʻO lākou nā mole i loaʻa i nā mea ola āpau. Hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia nā biomolecules e hana āpau mea ola nānā ʻole i kona nui.

Hana ʻia kēlā me kēia mole (e hoʻokumu ana i kahi biomolecule) ʻĀtoma Kāhea ʻia kēia mau mea bioelements. Hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia kēlā me kēia bioelement kalapona, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur a kūlike. E haku ʻia kēlā me kēia biomolecule o kekahi o kēia mau bioelement.

Launch

ʻO ka hana nui o nā biomolecules ka "lilo i ʻāpana mea" o nā mea ola āpau. Ma ka lima ʻē aʻe pono kēia i ke ʻano o ka cell. ʻO ia paha nā biomolecules e pono e hoʻokō i kekahi hana e pili ana i ka waiwai no ka pūnaewele.

Nā ʻano biomolecules

Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā biomolecules i loko o nā biomolecules inorganic e like me Wai, ka Nā paʻakai paʻakai a me nā kinoea, ʻoiai e māhele ʻia nā biomolecules organik e like me kā lākou hui pū ʻana o nā mole a me nā hana kikoʻī.

Aia he 4 ʻano o meaola biomolecules:

Kālepaʻa. Pono ke kele i nā huaʻaleʻale mai ka mea hāʻawi lākou i kahi kumu nui o ka ikehu. Hana ʻia kēia mau mea i 3 bioelements: Kalepona, ʻĀpana hauwai a Oxygen. Wahi a ka hui pū ʻana o kēia mau mole, hiki i nā ʻōpelu ʻaina i:

Nā Monosaccharides. Hoʻokahi wale nō mole a lākou. Aia i loko o kēia hui nā huaʻai. ʻO Glucose kekahi monosaccharide a aia i loko o ke koko o nā mea ola.
Nā disaccharides. ʻO ka hui ʻana o ʻelua mau monohola monosaccharide e hana i kahi disaccharide. ʻO kahi laʻana o kēia ka sukrosa i loaʻa i ke kō a me ka lactose.
ʻO Polysaccharides. Ke hui ʻia ʻekolu a ʻoi mau monosaccharides e hopena lākou i kahi biomolecule carbohydrate polysaccharide. ʻO kekahi o kēia mau mea he starch (loaʻa i kaʻuala) a me glycogen (loaʻa i ke kino o nā mea ola, ka mea nui i nā mākala a me ke akepaʻa ate).

E nānā pū: Nā laʻana o Monosaccharides, Disaccharides a me Polysaccharides

Lipids. Hana lākou i nā membrane pūnaewele a mana mālama no ke kino. I kekahi manawa hiki i kēia mau mea ke lilo i mau wikamina a i nā hormones. Hana ʻia lākou i kahi waikawa momona a me ka waiʻona. Loaʻa iā lākou nā kaulahao ākea o kalapona a hydrogen. Hiki ke hoʻopau wale ʻia lākou i nā mea e like me ka wai ʻona a i ʻole ether. No laila, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe i kēia mau mea i ka wai. Hiki iā lākou ke mahele ʻia e like me kā lākou hana kikoʻī i nā hui 4:

Lipids me ka ikehu hana. Aia lākou i ke ʻano momona. ʻO ia kaʻiʻo adipose ʻano i loaʻa i nā mea ola he nui ma lalo o ka ʻili. Hoʻokumu kēia lipid i kahi pale insulate a pale mai ke anuanu. Aia pū kekahi i nā lau o nā mea kanu, pale iā lākou mai ka maloʻo maʻalahi.
Lipids me ka hana kūkulu. ʻO lākou nā phospholipids (loaʻa iā lākou nā mole phosphorous) a hana i ka membrane o nā pūnaewele.
Lipids me ka hana hormonal. Ua kapa ʻia kēia mau mea "steroid”. Laʻana: nā hōmona moekolohe kāne.
Lipids me ka hana wikamina. Hāʻawi kēia mau lipids i nā mea no ka ulu kūpono o nā mea ola. ʻO kekahi o kēia mau huaora A, D, a me K.

E nānā pū: Nā laʻana o Lipids

Pūmua. ʻO lākou nā biomolecules e hoʻokō i nā hana like ʻole i ke kino. Hana ʻia lākou i nā mole o kalapona, oxygen, hydrogen a nitrogen.

Loaʻa i kēia mau protein ʻākika amino. Aia he 20 mau ʻano ʻākika amino like ʻole. ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o kēia mau amino acid e hopena i nā protein ʻokoʻa. Eia nō naʻe (a hāʻawi ʻia i ka nui o nā hui ʻana) hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i 5 mau hui nui:

Nā protein protein. He ʻāpana lākou o ke kino o nā mea ola āpau. ʻO kahi laʻana o kēia hui o nā protein he keratin.
Nā polokina Hormonal. Hoʻoponopono lākou i kekahi mau hana o ka meaola. ʻO kahi laʻana o kēia pūʻulu ka insulin, ka mea i loaʻa ka kaohi o ke komo ʻana o ka glucose i loko o ka huna.
Nā polokina pale. Hana lākou ma ke ʻano pale o ke kino. ʻO ia ke kuleana o lākou no ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana a me ka pale ʻana i ke kino mai nā microorganism, bacteria a me nā mea hoʻomaʻi paha. Loaʻa ka inoa o kēia lāʻau ʻino. ʻO kahi laʻana: nā keʻokeʻo koko keʻokeʻo.
Nā protein i lawe ʻia. E like me kā lākou inoa e hōʻike ai, he kuleana lākou no ka lawe ʻana i nā mea a i ʻole nā mole i loko o ke koko. ʻO kahi laʻana: hemoglobin.
Nā protein o ka hana enzymatic. Hōʻalo lākou i ka assimilation o nā meaola e nā mea ʻokoʻa o ke kino. ʻO kahi laʻana o kēia ka amylase e haki i ka glucose e ʻae i kāna asimilation maikaʻi aʻe e ke kino.

E nānā pū: Nā Laʻana Protein

ʻAkika nukelika. ʻO lākou nā waikawa e pono ai, e like me kā lākou hana nui, kaohi i nā hana o ka cell. Akā ʻo ka hana nui e hoʻoili i nā kumuwaiwai mai kēlā hanauna a i kēia hanauna. Hana ʻia kēia mau ʻakika i nā mole o kalapona, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen a kūlike. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia i nā ʻāpana i kapa ʻia nukelea.

Aia ʻelua ʻano o nā nucleic acid: