Nā Monopolies a me nā Oligopolies

Anter

• Nā ʻano monopoli
• Nā ʻano Oligopoly
• Nā hopena o ka monopoli a me ka oligopoly
• Nā laʻana o nā monopolies
• Nā laʻana o nā oligopolies

ʻO ka monopoli a ʻo ka oligopoly he mau mākeke hoʻokele waiwai lākou (ka pōʻaiapili kahi e loaʻa ai ka hoʻololi o nā waiwai a me nā lawelawe ma waena o kēlā me kēia kanaka) i kū ai ke kū ʻole ka hoʻokūkū ma waena o ka mākeke. I nā hihia o ka hoʻokūkū ʻole, ʻaʻohe kaulike kūlohelohe ma waena o ka hoʻolako a me ke koi e hoʻoholo i nā kumukūʻai o nā huahana a i ʻole nā ​​lawelawe.

• Monopoli. ʻO ke ʻano mākeke hoʻokele waiwai kahi i hoʻokahi mea hana, mea hāʻawi a kūʻai aku paha i kahi maikaʻi a lawelawe paha. I ka monopolie, ʻaʻole hiki i nā mea kūʻai ke koho i kahi maikaʻi a lawelawe paha, ʻoiai ʻaʻohe hoʻokūkū.
  O kahi laʻana: ʻO ka De Beers firm (ka mining mining a me ke kālepa ʻana) kaohi ʻana i ka hana daimana honua āpau a me nā kumukūʻai no nā makahiki he umi.
• ʻO Oligopoly. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona mākeke hoʻokele waiwai kahi i loaʻa ai nā mea hana, mea hoʻokaʻawale a mea kūʻai aku paha i kahi kumuwaiwai i hāʻawi ʻia, maikaʻi a lawelawe paha. Hoʻohui pinepine nā lālā lālā o kahi oligopoly a hoʻoikaika i kekahi i kekahi e pale i ka hoʻokūkū hou ʻana mai ke komo ʻana i ka mākeke.
  O kahi laʻana: ʻO Pepsi lāua ʻo Coca - Cola ponoʻī, i kekahi mau ʻāina, kokoke i ka mākeke inu palupalu holoʻokoʻa.

• Hiki iā ia ke kōkua iā ʻoe: Monopsony a me oligopsony

I nā hiʻohiʻona ʻelua, aia nā pale komo i paʻakikī e lanakila no nā ʻoihana a i ʻole nā ​​hui e hoʻāʻo nei e komo i ka mākeke. Hiki i kēia ma muli o ka paʻakikī i ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi kumuwaiwai, ke kumukūʻai o ʻenehana, nā lula aupuni.

Nā ʻano monopoli

• Mai ka ʻōlelo Helene mai ka huaʻōlelo e ʻike iā mākou: "hoʻokahi a poléin: "kūʻai aku".
• Kūpono ʻole ka hoʻokūkū, koi ʻia nā mea kūʻai aku a i ʻole nā ​​mea kūʻai aku e koho i hoʻokahi wale nō koho.
• Mālama ka ʻoihana i ka hana a hoʻonohonoho i ke kumukūʻai e kona mana mākeke ʻoiai, ʻo ia wale nō ka hāʻawi ʻoihana, ʻaʻole i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ke kumukūʻai e ka lako a me ka noi.
• ʻO nā kumu maʻamau: kūʻai a hui paha o nā ʻoihana; nā kumukūʻai hana, ʻo ia hoʻi ka mea hana wale hiki ke hoʻomohala i kahi huahana a loaʻa i kahi kumuwaiwai kūlohelohe; nā ʻoihana transnational e hoʻonui i ko lākou palena i nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe; nā laikini i hāʻawi ʻia e ke aupuni i kahi hui hoʻokahi.
• Nui nā ʻāina i nā kānāwai antitrust e pale ai iā lākou mai ka kaohi ʻana i ka mākeke a me ka palena ʻana i ke kūʻokoʻa o nā mea kūʻai aku e koho.
• ʻAʻole paha lākou e hoʻohana i nā kumuwaiwai kūʻai aku mai kā lākou kaohi i ka hāʻawi holoʻokoʻa.
• Aia kahi monopoli kūlohelohe ke, ma muli o ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa, maʻalahi ia no kahi ʻoihana hoʻokahi e hana i nā hana āpau. Hāʻawi pinepine lākou i kahi lawelawe a mālama ʻia e ke aupuni. O kahi laʻana: lawelawe uila, lawelawe kinoea, lawelawe kaʻaahi.

Nā ʻano Oligopoly

• Mai ka ʻōlelo Helene mai ka huaʻōlelo oligo: "kakaikahi" a poléin: "kūʻai aku".
• Aia ka hoʻokūkū ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka monopoli, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ia i manaʻo ʻia he hoʻokūkū maoli, ʻoiai ke hoʻomalu ʻia nei ka lako mākeke e kēia ʻano ʻoihana, ma ke ʻano he nui, kaohi ma kahi o 70% o ka nui o ka mākeke.
• Hoʻokumu ʻia nā ʻaelike ma waena o nā ʻoihana i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i ka mea like, ʻae kēia iā lākou e kaohi i ka lako o ka mākeke a lawa ka mana e kaohi i nā kumukūʻai a me ka hana.
• E hoʻohana i nā kumuwaiwai kālepa a me nā hoʻolaha.
• Hiki iā ia ke lilo i monopoli i kekahi mahele a i ʻole kahi e loaʻa ʻole ai nā mea hoʻokūkū ʻē aʻe e hāʻawi ana i ka huahana a lawelawe like paha.
• ʻElua ʻano: oligopoly ʻokoʻa, me ka huahana like akā like ʻole, me nā ʻokoʻa i ka maikaʻi a i ʻole ka hoʻolālā ʻana. a me ka oligopoly paʻa, ka huahana like me nā ʻano like.
• Aia kahi oligopoly kūlohelohe ke hana ka hana nui i mea ʻole ka ʻoihana no nā ʻoihana liʻiliʻi.

Nā hopena o ka monopoli a me ka oligopoly

ʻO ka monopoli a me ka oligopoly ke alakaʻi pinepine i kahi ilihune o ka mākeke a me ka nāwaliwali o kēlā ʻāpana o ka hoʻokele waiwai. Hiki i ka nele o ka hoʻokūkū maoli i ka nele i ka hana hou a i ʻole ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana o nā lawelawe i hāʻawi ʻia e nā ʻoihana.

I loko o kēia mau hiʻohiʻona ua loaʻa ka mana o ka mea hana a me ka makaʻu liʻiliʻi. Lilo ka mea kūʻai aku no ka mea ʻo ka hoʻokūkū ʻole a hoʻokūkū kaulike ʻole paha ka mea e piʻi ai nā kumukūʻai a me ka hoʻemi o ka hana.

Nā laʻana o nā monopolies

1. Microsoft. ʻOihana ʻenehana Multinational.
2. Telmex. ʻOihana kelepona Mekiko.
3. Saudi Arambo. ʻO ka ʻoihana aila mokuʻāina Saudi Arabia.
4. NiSource Inc. ʻO ka hui kinoea a me ka uila ma United States.
5. Facebook. Lawelawe lawelawe kaiaulu.
6. Aysa. ʻO ka hui wai e holo ana i ka lehulehu.
7. Kelepona. ʻOihana telecommunication multinational.
8. Telecom. ʻOihana telecommunications Argentina.
9. Google. ʻEnekia ʻimi hoʻohana nui ʻia ma ka pūnaewele.
10. Manzana. ʻOihana uila a me ka ʻoihana lako polokalamu.
11. Pemex. Mea hana aila mokuʻāina ʻo Mekiko.
12. ʻO Peñoles. Ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mina Mekiko.
13. Televisa. Media media.

Nā laʻana o nā oligopolies

1. Pepsico. ʻOihana lehulehu a me nā hui inu.
2. ʻO Nestle ʻOihana lehulehu a me nā hui inu.
3. Kellogg's ʻOihana hui agri-ʻai Multinational.
4. Danone. ʻO ka hui meaʻai agri Farani.
5. Nike. ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻana i nā huahana haʻuki a me ka ʻoihana hana.
6. Pūʻulu ʻo Bimbo. Hale palaoa Multinational.
7. Visa. Nā lawelawe kālā multinational.
8. ʻO Mc Donald's. ʻO ke kaulahao ʻAmelika o nā wahi meaʻai wikiwiki.
9. Ka maoli. ʻO ka mea hoʻonani Palani a me ka hui perfumery.
10. Mars. Mea hana meaʻai lehulehu.
11. ʻO Mondeléz. ʻOihana lehulehu a me nā hui inu.
12. Intel. Mea hana kaapuni hoʻohui.
13. Walmart. Nā hale kūʻai a me nā mākeke nui.
14. Unilever. Mea hana multinational o ka meaʻai, hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me nā huahana pilikino pilikino.
15. Procter & Gamble (P&G). Mea hana multinational o ka meaʻai, hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me nā huahana pilikino pilikino.
16. Hui Lala. ʻO ka hui meaʻai Mekiko.
17. AB inbev. Mea hana multinational o nā pia a me nā mea inu.

• E hoʻomau me: Nā palena mākeke