Anter
A papu He ʻāpana ia o ka ʻāina i hōʻike ʻia e ka hōʻike ʻana i kahi papu kaulana a i ʻole kekahi mau lā liʻiliʻi i ka ʻāina. Aia kēia mau mea ma waena plateaus. Loaʻa ka nui o nā pāpū ma lalo o 200 mau mika ma luna o kaʻilikai. Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi mau kula ma uka.
- E nānā hoʻi: Nā laʻana o nā mauna, nā papu a me nā pāpū
Ka mea nui o ka pāpū
Ma ka laulaha, lilo ka pāpū i mau lepo me ka momona nui, ʻo ia ke kumu e hoʻohana ʻia ai lākou ʻelua no ka lūlū ʻana i nā hua a me nā holoholona hānai.
Eia nō naʻe, hoʻohana ākea ʻia ia no ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā alanui a i ʻole nā alahao, no laila he mau wahi ia kahi e noho ai nā poʻe.
Nā laʻana o ka papu
- Plain Hikina Hema - Papu ʻaʻai
- ʻĀpana o Pampas - Papu ʻaʻai
- Dōgo Plain (Iapana) - Papu ʻaʻai
- Pāpū kahakai Valencian - Pāpū kahakai
- Kahi Kūʻai Kūpili - Pāpū kahakai
- ʻO Minas Basin, Nova Scotia (Kanada) - Pākaʻakai
- ʻO Chongming Dongtan Kūʻai Kūʻai (Shanghai) - Pākaʻakai
- Kai Yellow (Kōlea) - Pākaʻakai
- ʻO Kapalakiko Bay (USA) - Pākaʻakai
- Port of Tacoma (USA) - Pākaʻakai
- Cape Cod Bay (USA) - Pākaʻakai
- Ke kai Wadden (Netherlands, Kelemania a me Denmark) - Pākaʻakai
- Kapakai Hikina Hema o ʻIlia - Pōwāwae sandur
- ʻO Alaskan a me Kanada tundra ma ka hemisphere ʻākau - Pāpū ʻo Tundra
- ʻO Grasslands ma Argentina, hema o ʻApelika, Australia a me Eurasia waena - Haleluia
Nā ʻano pāpū
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻano o ka papu e like me ke ʻano o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa i loaʻa i kēia mau:
- Nā pāpū ʻo Struktur. ʻO lākou nā papa i hoʻololi ʻole ʻia e ka luku ʻia ʻana o ka makani, ka wai, nā aniani, ka pele, a i ʻole nā hoʻololi ikaika o ke aniau.
- Kahi ʻĀina Erosional. ʻO lākou nā pāpū, e like me ka ʻōlelo a ka huaʻōlelo, hānai ʻia e ka wai (ka makani a i ʻole nā aniani) i kekahi manawa o ka manawa, e hana ana i kahi papa pālahalaha.
- Pōhaku waiho. ʻO lākou nā pāpū i hana ʻia e ka waiho ʻana o nā sediment i lawe ʻia e ka makani, nā nalu, nā aniani, a pēlā aku.
Kaukaʻi ʻia i ke ʻano o ka waiho ʻana, hiki i ka pāpū ke:
- Pāpaʻi ʻo Lava. Ke hana ʻia ka pāpū e nā papa o ka pele pele.
- Pāpū kahakai a littoral paha. Loaʻa ma kahakai o ke kai.
- Pākaʻakai. Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia mau ʻano pāpū i ka wā he nui ka pālolo a me nā lepo lepo paha o ka lepo, a unuhi ʻia i ka ʻōlelo ʻana he maʻalahi lākou i ka wai. He mau papu lākou e ʻaneʻane mau i pulu.
- Kaha ākea Glacial. Hoʻokumu ʻia lākou e ka neʻe ʻana o nā glaciers, no laila ke hoʻokumu nei i kēia ʻano pāpū. Ma ka huli, hiki iā lākou ke mahele ʻia i:
- ʻO Sandar a sandur paha. ʻO ia kahi ʻano o ka papu glacial i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā sediment liʻiliʻi. Kūkulu maʻamau ia i kahi ākea ākea me nā lālā liʻiliʻi o nā kahawai kūmau.
- Maunakea o a hiki. ʻO ka mea i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka hōʻiliʻili o kahi nui o ka sediment glacial.
- Papu ʻo Abyssal. ʻO ia ka papu e hana ana i lalo o kahi kai, ma mua o ka iho a i ka hohonu paha.
Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kekahi ʻano papa hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā pāpū kaukaʻi ʻia i ke aniau a mea kanu paha aia iā ia:
- Lōkahi hilahila. He kula pā ʻole ia. Uhi ʻia me nā limu a me nā limu. Loaʻa ka hapanui i nā anuanu anuanu.
- Papu ʻaʻohe. He mau papu lākou ma kahi o ka ua nui.
- Haleluia. Nui aʻe nā mea kanu ma mua o ka tundra a i ʻole ka pā maloʻo, akā naʻe e mau ana ka ua.
