20 Nā laʻana o Ferrous a me nā Pono Non-Ferrous - 'Ōuli

Wikiō: IRON MAIDEN - Fear of the Dark - Harp Twins (Camille and Kennerly) ELECTRIC HARP METAL

Anter

Nā waiwai waiwai Ferrous
Nā ʻano ferrous material
Nā laʻana o nā mea ferrous
Nā laʻana o nā mea pono ʻole ferrous

Ke kamaʻilio ʻoe nā mea ferrousa me ka hao ʻole (a i ʻole ferric), pili i nā mea hao wale, e like me ke alo a me ka ʻole o ka hao ma ke ʻano he hoʻokahi o kāna ʻāpana.

Koe no ka hao maʻemaʻe (i kāna mau papa like ʻole), ʻo ka hapa nui o nā metala ferrous nā huahana o nā alloys a i ʻole nā hoʻohuihui o ka hao a me nā pono hana ʻē aʻe, e like me ke kalapona. ʻOiai ʻo nā metala ʻaʻohe ferrous hiki ke lilo i ʻano elemental (i haku ʻia i hoʻokahi ʻĀtoma ʻĀtoma) a i ʻole nā mea ʻē aʻe i nele i ka hao.

Nā waiwai waiwai Ferrous

ʻO nā mea Ferrous, ka hā o nā ʻano metala maʻamau o ka pā o ka honua, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai nā mea kū ʻole i ko lākou hui pū ʻana o ke kūpaʻa, malleability, conduction nui o ka wela a me ka uila, a me ka hiki ke hoʻohana hou iā lākou mai kā lākou papa hana paʻa a me nā forging hou, akā ma luna o nā mea āpau no kāna pane kiʻekiʻe i nā mana magnet (ferromagnetism).

Mahalo i ka mea hope loa, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea ferrous mai ka non-ferrous i nā ʻōpala kulanakauhale ma o nā kaʻina kaʻawale magnet.

ʻO kēia ke kumu o ko lākou koi nui ʻia ma kahi pae ʻoihana ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, ʻo ia ka mea ma waena o 1 a me 2% o nā ʻōpala home (ʻo ia hoʻi nā kini ʻai). ma muli o ke kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa a me ka hiki ke hoʻohana i nā metala ʻē aʻe e loaʻa ai nā ʻano hou a hoʻomaikaʻi i kā lākou waiwai.

Nā ʻano ferrous material

Hoʻopili nā metala ferrous āpau i hoʻokahi o kēia mau ʻano ʻekolu, e like me nā mea e haku ai iā lākou:

ʻO ka hao maʻemaʻe a me ka hao palupalu. Me nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loa o ke kalapona a, ʻoiai kākaʻikahi, i kahi kūlana o ka maʻemaʻe.
Nā kila. ʻO nā mea hao a me nā mea ʻē aʻe (ʻo ke kalapona nui a me ka silicon), kahi o nā mea hope i hala ʻole ma mua o 2% o ka ʻike.
Nā mea hoʻokumu. Me ke alo o carbon a i ʻole nā mea ʻē aʻe i kahi ana i ʻoi aku ma mua o 2%.

Nā laʻana o nā mea ferrous

ʻO ka hao maʻemaʻe. ʻO kēia mea, kekahi o nā mea nui loa ma ka honua, a mea hao hina hina kālā o ka hiki i ka magnet, paʻakikī paʻakikī a nuʻa. Manaʻo ʻia he maʻemaʻe ke hoʻohui ʻia i 99.5% o nā ʻoma o ka mea like a, akā naʻe, ʻaʻole maikaʻi ia, hāʻawi ʻia i palupalu (He palupalu ia), kona pae hoʻoheheʻe kiʻekiʻe (1500 ° C) a me ka hoʻowaiwīwī wikiwiki ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau.
ʻAilana momona. Kāhea ʻia nō hoʻi hao hanaLoaʻa iā ia kahi haʻahaʻa kalapona haʻahaʻa loa (ʻaʻole hiki i 1%) a ʻo ia kekahi o nā ʻano ʻoihana hao maʻemaʻe loa e noho nei. He mea pono ia no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana a me ka forging, ma hope o ka hoʻomehana ʻana iā ia i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe loa a me ka hama ʻana i ka wela ʻulaʻula, ʻoiai ke anuanu a paʻakikī loa ia.
ʻO Carbon Steel. ʻIke ʻia ʻo ke kila kūkulu, ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea nui hao i hana ʻia i ka ʻoihana kila a ʻo kekahi o nā hoʻohana ākea ākea i ka honua. Hana ʻia ia mai ka hui ʻana me ke kalapona i nā kaulike kaulike: 0.25% i ke kila kila, 0.35% i ka semi-sweet, 0.45% i ka semi-hard a me 0.55% i ka paʻakikī.
ʻO Silicon Steel. Kapa ʻia hoʻi ka hao uila, hao kila a kila paha no nā mea hoʻohuli, i hōʻike mua ʻia i loko o kahi ʻoihana e hoʻohana nui ʻia ai, ʻo ia ka huahana o kahi mea hao me kahi ʻano loli o ka silikone (mai 0 a 6.5%), a me ka manganese a me ke alumini (0.5%). ʻO kāna pono nui ke kūpaʻa uila kiʻekiʻe loa.
Kila kohu 'ole. Kaulana loa kēia hao hao, hāʻawi ʻia i kona kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe i ka corrosion a me ka hana o ka oxygen.hoʻohenehene), huahana o kāna hana ʻana mai chromium (10 a 12% palena iki) a me nā metala e like me ka molibdenum a me ka nikala.
Kila hao. ʻO kēia ka inoa i hāʻawi ʻia i ka hao i uhi ʻia me ka papa o ka zinc, a ʻo ia hoʻi kahi mea hao hao ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka pale, pale aku iā ia mai ka lewa a lohi loa hoʻi i kāna kahe. He mea maikaʻi loa kēia no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana paipu a me nā pono paipu.
Ke kila kila o Damaseko. ʻO ke kumu o kēia ʻano alloy kikoʻī e manaʻo ʻia aia ma ka Hikina Waena (ke kūlanakauhale Syrian o Damaseko) ma waena o nā kenekulia 11 a me 17, i ka manawa i ʻōlelo nui ʻia nā pahi kaua i kēia mea ma ʻEulopa, ma muli o ko lākou paʻakikī nui a "ʻaneʻane kūmau. Ke hoʻopaʻapaʻa mau ʻia nei ke ʻano o ke kiʻina i hoʻohana ʻia e loaʻa ai ia manawa, ʻoiai i kēia lā ua hana kope ʻia ia no ka nui o nā pahi a me nā mea ʻoki hao.
Kila "wootz”. Loaʻa ʻia kēia kila i ka hoʻohuihui ʻana i nā koena hao (aila a i ʻole ka hao puaʻa) me ka lanahu o ka meakanu a me nā aniani, i nā kapuahi ma nā mahana wela. He nui nā carbides o kēia alloy e paʻakikī a paʻakikī ʻole paha ia.
Nā mea hao. ʻO kēia ka inoa i hāʻawi ʻia i nā alloys me kahi ʻike kalapona kiʻekiʻe (ma waena o 2.14 a me 6.67%) i hoʻoili ʻia i ka hao, e kiʻi i nā mea o ke kiʻekiʻena kiʻekiʻe a me ka brittleness (hao hao keʻokeʻo) a i ʻole ʻoi aku ka paʻa a me ka mīkini (cast iron grey).
Permalloy. ʻUme mākenēki o ka hao a me ka nikala i nā kūlike like, i hōʻike ʻia e ka permeability magnet kiʻekiʻe a me ka pale uila, i kūpono ia no ka hana ʻana i nā mea ʻike, nā poʻo ʻumeʻume a me nā mea hana ʻē aʻe i ka ʻoihana.

Nā laʻana o nā mea pono ʻole ferrous

Keleawe. Me ka hōʻailona kemika Cu, ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea o ka papa manawa. He mea hao kālailai a me kahi transmitter maikaʻi o ka uila a me ka wela, ʻo ia ke kumu e hoʻohana nui ʻia ai i nā kelekila a ʻaʻole nui i nā hana e koi ai i ka paʻakikī.
ʻO Aluminium. ʻO kekahi mea alakaʻi uila a mehana hoʻi, ʻo ke aluminika kekahi o nā metala kaulana loa i kēia lā, ma muli o ka haʻahaʻa, ka māmā a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, a me ka ʻawahia haʻahaʻa loa, kūpono ia no ka hana ʻana i nā ipu meaʻai.
Tin. Hoʻohana mau ʻia e pale aku i ke kila mai ka hoʻowali ʻana, he metala mānoanoa ia a me nā kala ʻōniʻoniʻo, ke kūlou ʻia, hoʻopuka i kahi crunch i kapa ʻia he "tin cry". Palupalu a palupalu hoʻi ia i ka mahana o ka lumi, akā i ka wela e lilo ia i palupalu a palupalu.
Kiniki. Kūʻē nui i ka popo a me ka popopo, ʻo ia ke kumu e hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ai i nā hana galvanizing, māmā a maʻalahi ʻole kēia mea, ʻo ia ke kumu i ka ʻoihana kiʻekiʻe i kā mākou manawa.
Keleawe. He mea hao o ke keleawe a me ka zinc (ma waena o 5 a me 40%), kahi e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka ikaika o nā metala ʻelua me ka lawe ʻole ʻana i ko lākou māmā a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Hoʻohana ākea ia i ka hana ʻana i nā lakohana, nā paipu a me nā pono hana i ka nui.
Keleawe. Me ke kinikini e pili ana i ke keleawe a me ka hoʻohui o 10% tin, loaʻa kēia metala i ʻoi aku ka pale ma mua o ke keleawe a me ka ductile kiʻekiʻe, kahi mea nui i ka moʻolelo o nā kānaka, a hiki i ka manawa e hāʻawi ai i kona inoa i makahiki o ka lāhui. Hoʻohana ʻia ia i nā kiʻi, nā ʻāpana kōkua a me nā kī, i waena o nā tausani o nā hoʻohana ʻē aʻe.
Makanekiuma. Nui loa i ka lepo o ka honua a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka wai o ke kai, ʻo kēia mea hao he mau ion pono no ke ola ma ka honua, ʻoiai ka ʻike ʻole ʻia ma kahi kūlana manuahi i ke kūlohelohe, akā ma ke ʻano he mahele o nā mea nui . Hana me ka wai a wela loa.
Titanium. ʻOi aku ka māmā ma mua o ke kila, akā ʻoi aku ka pale aku i ka popopo a me ka paʻakikī, he metala nui ia i ke ʻano (ʻaʻole i kona kūlana maʻemaʻe) akā pipiʻi no ke kanaka, no laila ʻaʻole hoʻohana nui ʻia. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ia i ka hana ʻana i nā prostheses lapaʻau.
Nickel. ʻO kekahi mea kemika metallic, keʻokeʻo-keʻokeʻo a me ka ductile, palupalu, paʻakikī, kūpaʻa i ka hoʻōla a, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ferrous, ʻike ʻia nā waiwai magnet. He ʻāpana nui nō ia o nā mea he nui nā mea hoʻohui ʻokanika mea nui.
Gula. ʻO kekahi o nā metala makamae, ʻo ia paha ka mea i ʻike nui ʻia a makemake nui ʻia i hāʻawi ʻia i kāna mahalo kalepa a me ka hoʻokele waiwai. Mālamalama kona kala a he ductile ia, malleable a me ke kaumaha e pili ana i ka cyanide, mercury, chlorine a me ka bleach.