Anter
- Ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā ʻepekema empirical a me nā ʻepekema ʻē aʻe
- Nā ʻano ʻepekema empirical
- Nā laʻana mai nā ʻepekema empirical
ʻO ka ʻepekema ʻepekema ʻO lākou nā mea e hōʻoia a hōʻoia paha i kā lākou kuhiakau ma o ka ʻike kikoʻī a me ka ʻike o ka honua ma o nā manaʻo. No laila kona inoa, mai ka huaʻōlelo Helene kahiko ʻemepela ʻo ia hoʻi 'ʻike'. ʻO ke ala ʻoi loa o kēia ʻano ʻepekema ʻo ia ka hypethetico-deductive.
Ke ʻōlelo nei hana hana hoʻohaʻahaʻa hypothetico Manaʻo ʻia ua hānau ʻia nā ʻepekema empirical mai ka ʻike a me ka nānā ʻana o ka honua, a ma o ia mau hana like e hōʻoia ai lākou i kā lākou postulate, e hoʻāʻo nei e wānana a hōʻemi paha i nā hopena i loaʻa, no ka laʻana, ma o ka hana hoʻokolohua ʻana o kahi hanana i ʻike ʻia.
E nānā pū: Nā laʻana o ka hana ʻepekema
Ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā ʻepekema empirical a me nā ʻepekema ʻē aʻe
ʻO ka ʻepekema ʻepekema ʻike ʻia mai ʻepekema kūlana i kā lākou hana maikaʻi loa e hōʻoia i ka kuhiakau ma o ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka hoʻokolohua, ʻo ia hoʻi, mai ka ʻike a me ka ʻike, ʻoiai ʻaʻole pono ia e hōʻike i ka hoʻokolohua.
ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, nā ʻepekema hoʻokolohua āpau e ʻike i nā ʻepekema empirical, akā ʻaʻole naʻe nā ʻepekema empirical āpau i kahi hoʻokolohua: hoʻohana paha kekahi i nā ʻano hōʻoia ʻole hoʻokolohua, e like me ka nānā ʻana ʻO wau ka pili pono.
I ke kumu, ʻepekema ʻepekema kue i ka ʻepekema kūlana ʻaʻole pono ka mea hope loa i ka hōʻoia empirical a me ka pono o ka pono, akā e hana i ke aʻo ʻana o nā ʻōnaehana loiloi kūlike ʻole ʻole e hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā ʻōnaehana me nā ao o ka honua kūlohelohe, e like me ka makemakika.
Nā ʻano ʻepekema empirical
Māhele ʻia nā ʻepekema empirical i ʻelua mau lālā nui:
- ʻEpekema Kūlohelohe. Mālama lākou i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka honua kino a me kāna mau kānāwai, o nā mea āpau a mākou e ʻike ai he "kūlohelohe." Ua ʻike ʻia lākou ma ʻepekema paʻakikī ma muli o ka pololei a me ka hōʻoia pono.
- Nā ʻepekema kanaka a pilikanaka paha. Ma kahi, nohona ʻepekema a ʻaelike palupalu paha me ke kanaka, nona nā loina o ka hana e pane ʻole i nā kānāwai a me nā ʻano hana e hiki ke wehewehe ʻia ma ke ao holoʻokoʻa, akā i nā loina a me nā ʻano o ka hana. Hāʻawi lākou i kahi manaʻo deterministic ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā ʻepekema paʻakikī.
Nā laʻana mai nā ʻepekema empirical
- Kino. Hoʻomaopopo e like me ka wehewehe ʻana o nā pūʻali e hana i ka honua maoli mai nā mākala makemakika i noi ʻia, e hana i nā kānāwai e wehewehe a wānana iā lākou. He ʻepekema kūlohelohe ia.
- Kemika. ʻO ia ka ʻepekema ke kuleana o ke aʻo ʻana i nā kānāwai e hoʻomalu ana i nā mea a me nā pilina ma waena o kāna mau ʻāpana (nā ʻoma a me nā mole), a me nā hanana hoʻohuihui a me nā loli i hiki ke maʻalahi ʻia iā lākou. He ʻepekema kūlohelohe hoʻi ia.
- ʻO Biology. ʻO ka ʻepekema i kapa ʻia o ke ola, no ka mea hoihoi ia i ke kumu o nā mea ola a me kā lākou kaʻina hana o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ka evolution a me ka hana hou ʻana. He a ʻepekema kūlohelohe, ae nō hoʻi.
- ʻO ke kemikino kino. Hānau ʻia mai ka physics a me ka kemika, uhi ia i kēlā mau wahi o ka ʻike a me ka hoʻokolohua e koi ai i ka nānā pālua ʻana i ka mea a me nā kaʻina hana, i mea e hoʻoholo ai i kāna hana kūloko a me waho i ka manawa like. He ʻepekema kūlohelohe ia.
- kālaihonua. ʻEpekema i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i ke aʻo ʻana i nā hana o nā papa like ʻole o ka papa o kā mākou honua, e nānā ana i kāna mōʻaukala geochemical kikoʻī a geothermal. He ʻepekema kūlohelohe hoʻi ia.
- Lapaʻau. Hoʻolaʻa ʻia kēia ʻepekema i ke aʻo ʻana i ke olakino a me ke ola kanaka, e hoʻāʻo nei e hoʻomaopopo i ka hana paʻakikī o ko mākou kino mai nā mea hana i hōʻaiʻē ʻia mai nā ʻepekema kūlohelohe ʻē aʻe, e like me ke kemika, biology a i ʻole physics. He ʻepekema kūlohelohe nō ia.
- ʻO Biokimia. Hoʻohui kēia lālā ʻepekema i nā kānāwai o ke kemika a me ka biology e komo i loko o ka cellular a me microscopic hana o nā meaolaola, ke aʻo nei i ke ala a ʻĀtoma ʻāpana hana o ko lākou mau kino i nā hana kikoʻī. He ʻepekema kūlohelohe ia.
- ʻOnomykalakala. ʻO ka ʻepekema e pili ana i ka wehewehe ʻana a me ke aʻo ʻana i nā pilina ma waena o nā mea ākea, mai nā hōkū a me nā panakū mamao i nā kānāwai i hiki ke loaʻa mai ka nānā ʻana i ke ao holoʻokoʻa ma waho o kā mākou honua. ʻO ia kekahi ʻepekema kūlohelohe.
- Moanakaʻāina. ʻO ke aʻo ʻana i nā moana, mai kahi kuanaola, kemikal a me ke kuanaʻike kino, e hoʻāʻo nei e wehewehe pono i nā kānāwai kūʻokoʻa a ka moana kai e hana ai. He ʻepekema kūlohelohe hoʻi ia.
- Nanoscience. ʻO kēia ka inoa i hāʻawi ʻia i ke aʻo ʻana o nā ʻōnaehana nona ka unahi i submolecular, i mea e maopopo ai i nā mana i kū ma waena o nā huna o kēia mau ana a hoʻāʻo e hana iā lākou ma o nanotechnology.
- ʻIkapila. ʻO ke aʻo ʻana i ke kanaka, e ʻōlelo ākea ana, e hele nei i ka ʻike kaiāulu a me ka moʻomeheu o ko lākou mau kaiāulu ma o kā lākou mōʻaukala a me ko ka honua. He ʻepekema pilikanaka ia, ʻo ia hoʻi, he ʻepekema "palupalu".
- Hoʻokele waiwai. Kūleʻa ia me ke aʻo ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai, ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka waiwai a me ka hoʻokaʻawale a me ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā ukana a me nā lawelawe, i mea e māʻona ai nā pono o ka lāhui kanaka. He ʻepekema ʻepekema hoʻi ia.
- ʻOihana kaiāulu. Hāpai ka ʻepekema pilikanaka i ka hoihoi, hoʻolaʻa i kona hoihoi i nā kaiāulu kanaka a me nā mea ʻokoʻa nā hanana moʻomeheu, noʻeau, haipule a me ka hoʻokele waiwai i loaʻa i loko o lākou.
- Psychology. ʻEpekema e kālele ana i ke aʻo ʻana i nā hana a me nā ʻike noʻonoʻo o ke kanaka, ke hele nei i kāna ʻano kino a me ka nohona a me kāna mau ʻokoʻa o ke kumukānāwai a i ʻole ke hoʻomohala. He ʻepekema ʻepekema hoʻi ia.
- Mōʻaukala. ʻO ka ʻepekema nona ka mea o ke aʻo ʻana i ka wā i hala o ke kanaka a nāna e kuhikuhi iā ia mai nā waihona, nā hōʻike, nā moʻolelo a me nā kākoʻo wā ʻē aʻe. ʻOiai he paio e pili ana i ia, ʻae ʻia e noʻonoʻo ʻia he ʻepekema pilikanaka.
- ʻ .lelo. ʻO ka ʻepekema pilikanaka e hoihoi i nā ʻōlelo kanaka like ʻole a me nā ʻano o ke kamaʻilio waha ʻana o ke kāne.
- Akau. Kāhea ʻia nā ʻepekema kū kānāwai, hoʻokomo pinepine lākou i ke kumumanaʻo o ke kānāwai a me ke akeakamai o ke kānāwai, a me nā ala kūpono i nā ʻōnaehana like ʻole o ke kānāwai kū kānāwai i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā mokuʻāina ʻokoʻa e hoʻokele i ka nohona kanaka, politika a me ka hoʻokele waiwai o ko lākou lehulehu.
- Waihona Waihona Puke. Kūleʻa ia me ke aʻo ʻana i nā hana o loko o nā hale waihona puke, ka mālama ʻana i kā lākou waiwai a me nā ʻōnaehana kūloko no ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā puke. ʻAʻole pono e huikau me ka ʻepekema waihona a he ʻepekema pilikanaka hoʻi ia.
- Criminology. ʻOiai ʻo ia ke aʻo trans a multidisciplinary, ua hoʻokomo pinepine ʻia i ka ʻepekema pilikanaka. ʻO kāna mea i aʻo ʻia ai ka lawehala a me nā lawehala, i hoʻomaopopo ʻia e like me ka hoʻomaopopo ʻia o ke kanaka mai nā pono hana o ka sociology, psychology a me nā ʻepekema ʻepekema e pili ana.
- Palapala ʻāina. ʻO ka ʻepekema ʻepekema e mālama i ka wehewehe a me ka hōʻike kiʻi o ka ʻilikai o ko mākou honua, me nā kai a me nā moana a me nā panalāʻau ʻokoʻa, nā kōkua, nā ʻāpana a me nā kaiāulu nāna i hoʻokumu.
Hiki iā ia ke lawelawe iā ʻoe:
- Nā laʻana o ka ʻepekema Pure a me ka noi
- Nā laʻana o ka ʻepekema ʻoiaʻiʻo
- Nā laʻana o nā ʻepekema Kūpono
- Nā laʻana o nā ʻepekema Formal
