Anter
ʻO kahydrides He mau mea hoʻohui kemika lākou e hoʻohui i nā ʻoma hydrogen i loko o kā lākou molakeke (nona ke ʻano ʻaʻa, ma ka hapanui o nā hihia, -1) a me nā ʻātoma o nā mea ʻē aʻe i ka papa manawa.
ʻIke ʻia ʻekolu mau ʻano hydrides:
- Mea hao: ʻO lākou kēlā mau mea i hana ʻia me nā mea alkaline a me nā alkaline-honua, ʻo ia hoʻi, me nā mea i koe ma ka hema o ka papa manawa o nā mea. He mau mea hoʻohui ʻole lākou e hōʻike i ka conductivity. Loaʻa ka hydrogen i loko o lākou e like me ka hydride ion H.. Ma loko o kēia hui hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā hydrides e hana i nā metala electropositive (mai nā hui 1 a me 2); kapa ʻia kēia mau hydrides he saline hydrides. ʻO ka saline hydrides he keʻokeʻo a he hina hina paha i loaʻa i ka hopena pololei o ka hao me ka hydrogen i nā mahana wela.
- Hoʻololi a ʻole non-metallic hydrides:ʻo lākou nā mea i hana ʻia me nā mea ʻole metallic akā he electronegative liʻiliʻi, kikoʻī, me ka nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, boron, carbon and silicon: loaʻa kēia mau inoa āpau i nā inoa kikoʻī, ma ʻō aku o ka nomenclature nui; he metalloids a metala a pau lākou mai ka palaka p. Hiki iā lākou ke kapa ʻia he mau molekiola a i ʻole nā covalent hydrides, no ka mea he paʻa ko lākou covalent. Hana lākou i nā minelala o nā ʻano kikoʻī. ʻO Silane, kahi hydride i kēia hui, ke hoʻonui nei i ka hoihoi no kāna waiwai i ka hana ʻana i nā nanoparticles.
- Hydrogen hydrides:(kapa ʻia hoʻi ʻo hydracids) pili i ka hui pū ʻana o ka hydrogen me kahi halogen (fluorine, chlorine, bromine a iodine paha) a i ʻole me kahi mea antigenic (oxygen, sulfur, selenium, Tellurium); i ka hihia hope wale nō e hana ka hydrogen me kāna helu helu hoʻoliʻiliʻi maikaʻi (+1) a ʻo ka mea ʻē aʻe ka mea e hana me kahi helu ʻokikene maikaʻi ʻole (-1 i nā halogens, -2 i nā amphogens).
Nā laʻana o hydrides
- Sodium hydride (NaH)
- Phosphine (PH3)
- Barium hydride (BaH2)
- Bismutin (Bi2S3)
- Permanganic hydride (MnH7)
- Amonia (NH3)
- Arsine (AsH3)
- Stibinite a antimonite paha
- ʻAkika Hydrobromic (HBr)
- Borano (BH3)
- Methane (CH4)
- Silane (SiH₄)
- Hydrofluoric acid (HF)
- ʻO Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
- Ferrous hydride (FeH3)
- ʻO Hydroiodic acid (HI)
- Hydrogen sulfide (H2S)
- Selenhydric acid (H2Se)
- Tellurhydric acid (H2Te)
- Lithium hydride (LiH)
Hoʻohana o hydrides
Ma waena o nā hoʻohana o hydrides hiki iā mākou ke haʻi i kēlā nā desiccants a me nā reducers, hoʻohana ʻia kekahi me nā kumuwaiwai hydrogen maʻemaʻe.
ʻOi aku ka pono o ka kalipuna hydride ma ke ʻano ʻākena hoʻomaloʻo hoʻoheheʻe o ka meaola. Pono ʻo Sodium hydride e mālama nui i ka lawelawe ʻana, no ka mea ke hana ikaika me ka wai a hiki ke hoʻā ʻia.
Inā kū ke ahi ma muli o ka hoʻā ʻana o kēia hydride, mai hoʻohana i ka wai e kinai iā ia, no ka mea hana i nā ahi hou aʻe. Puhi ʻia kēia mau ahi me mea kinai ahi pauda.
