20 Nā laʻana o Colloids - 'Ōuli

ʻO ka colloids he Nā hoʻohuihui homogenousE like me nā hāʻina, akā i kēia hihia ma ka pālākiō microscopic, ʻike ʻia nā mea o hoʻokahi a ʻoi paha mau mea, ka pae i hoʻopuehu ʻia a hoʻopau ʻia paha, i hoʻopuehu ʻia i loko o kekahi mea i kapa ʻia ka wā hoʻopuehu a hoʻomau mau paha.

I ka olelo colloid i hoʻolauna ʻia e ka kemika Sikotia ʻo Thomas Graham i 1861 a mai loko mai o ke aʻa Helene kolas (κoλλα), ʻo ia hoʻi “pili kēlā"A i ʻole"maikaʻi ʻole”, Pili kēia i ka waiwai o kēia ʻano mea ʻaʻole e hele ma waena o nā kānana maʻamau.

I ka colloids, ʻo nā huna ʻāpana i ka wā i hoʻopuehu ʻia ua lawa ka nui e lūlū i ke kukui (kahi hopena ʻike ʻia i kapa ʻia ʻo ka hopena Tyndall), akā ʻaʻole liʻiliʻi e hoʻāla a hoʻokaʻawale. ʻO ke kū ʻana o kēia hopena optika hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i kahi colloid mai kahi hopena a i ʻole ka hopena. Pākuʻi koloid he anawaena o waena o 1 nanometer a me kahi micrometer; ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā hāʻina ma mua o 1 nanometer.ʻO nā hōʻuluʻulu e hana i nā koloka i kapa ʻia he micelles.

Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ke kūlana kūlohelohe o ka colloid e ke kūlana kūlohelohe o ka pae hoʻopuehu, i hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, paʻa a ʻenekini paha; hiki ke hoʻopili i ka pae i hoʻopuehu ʻia i kekahi o kēia mau ʻano ʻekolu, ʻoiai i loko o nā colloids gas he wai mau a paʻa paha ia.

He mea nui nā mea Colloidal i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā lako hana he nui o ka hoʻohana maʻamau a me ka nui, e like me nā pena, nā lula, nā insecticides no ka mahiʻai, nā inika, nā sima, nā kopa, nā mea hoʻoheheʻe, nā mea holoi, nā mea hoʻopili a me nā huahana meaʻai like ʻole. Hāʻawi nā colloids i loko o ka lepo i ka mālama ʻana i ka wai a me nā meaola.

I ka lāʻau lapaʻau, lawelawe ʻia nā colloids a i ʻole nā mea hoʻonui plasma e hoʻonui i ka nui o ka intravascular no nā wā ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana o nā aniani.

Hiki i nā Colloids ke hydrophilic a i ʻole hydrophobic. Heʻe nalu e like me kopa (nā paʻakai o nā kaula momona momona lōʻihi) a i ʻole ka nā mea holoi lole hana lākou i nā colloids hui, e ʻae ana i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o nā colloids hydrophobic.

Ke hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka pae i hoʻopuehu ʻia a me ka medium dispersing, ua kapa ʻia ia he colloid maʻalahi. Aia kekahi colloids paʻakikī hou aʻe, e like me nā ʻōnaehana colloidal reticular, kahi i hoʻokumu ʻia ai nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua e nā interlocking network (nā aniani hui a me nā gels a me nā kalima he nui o kēia ʻano), a me nā colloids i kapa ʻia he mau colloids, kahi e noho ai nā coxist medium me ʻelua a ʻoi paha mau ʻāpana hoʻopuehu, i māhele maikaʻi ʻia. Hāʻawi ʻia ma lalo he iwakālua mau laʻana o colloids: