ʻO ka nā alkalina a i ʻole nā hydrocarbons acetylenic he hydrocarbons i hōʻike ʻia e ke alo o kahi carbon-carbon triple bond. Pane nā alkynes non-cyclic i ka haʻilula CnH2n-2. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi kekelē o ke hoʻokumu ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā alkenes.
Mawaena o na waiwai kemika o nā alkalina kahi hiʻohiʻona i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o lākou nā hui polarity haʻahaʻa, no laila ʻole ʻole i ka wai, akā hiki ke hoʻonā ʻia i nā mea hoʻoheheʻeolaolaola maʻamau e like me ka ether, benzene, a i ʻole carbon tetrachloride.
ʻO kanā kiko paila a hoʻoheheʻe like nā alkalina me nā ʻano ʻākela a i ʻole alkenes o ka helu kalapona like. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻike ʻia ka hopena ma luna o kēia mau mea paʻa kino, ka nui o nā karbona a me ke kū ʻana o nā lālā i ke kaulahao (e loli i ke ala hoʻokahi).
ʻO ka alkyne maʻalahi loa acetylene, hāhai lākou i ka propylene (a i ʻole ke kihi) a me ka butino, hiki ke lilo i 1-butyne (triple bond ma ka hopena o ka mole) a i ʻole 2-butyne (triple bond ma ke kikowaena o ka mole). ʻO kēia mau mea ʻekolu ʻenekini; ʻo ka poʻe me ka helu kiʻekiʻe loa o nā huna ʻāpana kalapona wai a i ʻole paʻa.
E like me nā alkena, nā pālua pālua e hōʻike i nā alkynes e hāʻawi iā lākou reactivity kemika nui kēia mau mea a hoʻomaʻamaʻa iā lākou e hana i nā hopena hoʻohui (hydrogen, halogens, wai, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻohe mea like nā ʻekolu paʻa i hoʻohui ʻia i hoʻokahi carbon atom me kekahi: ʻo kekahi o lākou (i kapa ʻia ʻo ka sigma bond) ʻoi aku ka ikaika a hana ma ke ʻano he kuleana nui no ka hui. Hiki i nā hopena hopena ke loaʻa i nā paʻa pālua a i ʻole nā paʻa hoʻokahi.
Kāhea ʻia nā hui i loaʻa ka paʻa o nā kaulahao triple ma ka wēlau o ke kaulahao nā alkalo terminal; ʻike ʻia kēia mau hui e ko lākou acidity i kaha ʻia. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo nā alkynes terminal ka nui o nā waikahe ʻoi loa o nā hydrocarbons. ʻO ka lōʻihi ma waena o nā ʻāpana kalapona i ka palapala hoʻopaʻa ʻo 1.20 amstrongs (ʻoi aku ka pōkole ma mua o nā alkene ─1.34 amstrongs─- a me nā ʻākena ─1.54 amstrongs─). Hiki ke noho like nā paʻa paʻa kalapona ʻelua, pālua a pākolu hoʻi i ka mole like. Ke hiki mai kēia, kapa ʻia ka hydrocarbon ma ke ʻano he alkyne a hōʻike ʻia ke kūlana o ka hoʻopaʻa pālua me ka hopena "ene", e hoʻokomo iā ia i kahi e kūpono ai
Ua helu ʻia ma lalo nā laʻana o nā alkalina.
- ethyne (acetylene)
- pihi
- 2- pentine
- 2-butyne
- 1-butyne
- ʻOkakopa 3
- 2-nonino
- Methyl acetylene
- ʻO Ethyl acetylene
- 1-ene-4-hexyne
- Propyl acetylene
- Terbutyl acetylene
- 6,6-diethyl-4-noniino
- 5,6-dimethyl-3-heptin
- 3,3-diethyl-3,5-nonadiino
- cyclobutine
- 3-ethyl -5-ethynylhepta-1,6-diino
- 5-methyl-2-hexyne
- 3,5,7-decatriino
- 6-methyl-2,4-heptadiino
