10 Nā Laʻana o nā Pono Ductile - 'Ōuli

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Nā laʻana o nā pono ductile
Hiki iā lākou ke lawelawe iā ʻoe

ʻO ka mea ductile ʻO lākou ka poʻe hiki ke hana i ka palaka a me ka hoʻololi mau ʻana, me ka haki ʻole a hoka ʻole paha i kāna ʻano, i ke alo o ka hana mau o ka ikaika. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, kahi ʻano o lākou ma o nā pulupulu lōʻihi lōʻihi i hoʻomau ʻia a i ʻole nā pae o ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi akā loaʻa ke ʻano like.

ʻO nā mea ductile ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe o ka mea palupalu. Akā ʻaʻole pono e huikau me nā mea malleable.

ʻAʻole kēia manaʻo ʻaʻole hiki i nā mea ductile ke haki; ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, hana lākou, akā ma hope o ka ʻeha ʻana i nā deformations kaulana. ʻAʻole hoʻi ia he ʻano palupalu nā mea ductile; ʻo ka ikaika e pono ai no ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi he mea nui ia, a i ke alo o nā pūʻali nāwaliwali e like me ka loli i ke ʻano, maʻamau a paʻa a hoʻi hou.

ʻO ka deformation o nā pono ductile, me ka hoʻohui, hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia i ke alo o wela, me ka hiki ʻole i ka palena o hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, a ana ʻole ʻia e ka resilience, keu hoʻi i nā metala. ʻO nā mea hope loa nā mea ductile maʻamau, mai kā lākou ʻĀtoma Hoʻonohonoho ʻia lākou i kahi ala i hiki ai iā lākou ke heʻe ma luna o kekahi me kekahi, no laila e ʻae ana i ka hana o nā kaula a me nā pae o nā mānoanoa like ʻole.

Kuhi ʻia nā mea ductile i ka ʻoihana hana hana metallurgical a me nā hana hanaʻoiai hiki iā lākou ke lawe i nā ʻano kikoʻī ma mua o ka haki. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka deformation hoʻomau a hoʻomau hou e alakaʻi i ka luhi metala a me kona haki, hōʻike hou ʻia e ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka mahana ma kahi e pili ai ka ikaika deforming.

Nā laʻana o nā pono ductile

ʻO ka hao. Kapa ʻia he hao a pani ʻia e ka hōʻailona kemika Fe, ʻo ia ka hā o nā mea nui i ka palaoa o ka honua, a ʻo ka mea nui i ka nui o ka honua no ka mea o ka honua ka mea nui i hana ʻia me ka hao a me ka nickel i kūlana wai, ke neʻe nei e hoʻoulu i kahi māla mana ikaika. He mea hina, hao maʻalahi me nā mea magnet a me ka paʻakikī a me ka nui. No laila, i kona kūlana maʻemaʻe, pale ka hope iā ia mai ka pono, no laila ua hoʻopili ʻia me ke kalapona e loaʻa ai ka ʻohana o nā kila kila, e like me ka mahele o kēia mea i loaʻa i kēia manawa he ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka ductile a ʻoi aku a ʻoi paha ka liʻiliʻi o ka pale.
Laau. ʻO ia kahi mea pono o ke kino pono, e kaukaʻi ʻia i kona ʻano a me ka pākēneka o ka wai o ka wai i loko o ia, a me kahi o nā pona i loaʻa i loko. Eia nō naʻe, ke fibrous, hiki ke wehe maʻalahi ʻia e nā ikaika e pili ana i kāna palaoa.
Ke kila. Kapa ʻia kēia inoa a hoʻohuihui o ka hao a me ke kalapona (a i ka 2.14%) e hua mai ana i kahi mea paʻakikī a maʻalahi hoʻi, hoʻohui pū ʻia me ka boron e hana i nā kaula o ka paʻakikī superficial a me ke ductility kiʻekiʻe loa, a i ʻole i ke kila corrugated i hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻāpana kūkulu. He mea kūpono kēia e pale aku i nā kaupaona me ka haki ʻole ʻana i ka pōhaku, akā e ʻae ana i nā deformation liʻiliʻi e like me ke kaupaona.
Kiniki Zinc (Zn), kahi mea pono no ke ola, i kāna kūlana maʻemaʻe Loaʻa iā ia ke ductility kiʻekiʻe a me ka malleability, no laila hiki ke ʻōwili iā ia i mau ʻāpana, ka hoʻopilikia a hoʻololi iā ia, akā ʻo ke kū ʻana o nā mea hoʻohaʻahaʻa liʻiliʻi mai nā mea ʻē aʻe i lawa e maʻalahi a palupalu. He mea nui ia i nā kinikini e like me ka mea i hana ʻia e ke keleawe.
Ke Alakai. ʻO kēia mea hao o ka papa manawa, me ka hōʻailona Pb, ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia i kēlā manawa me he mea hao lā ma muli o ka nui o ka paʻa ʻana o ka mole. He kaumaha, hina, hina a maʻalahi hoʻi i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia. Hoʻohana ʻia ia i kēia lā ma ke ʻano he uhi uwea, ʻoiai ke ʻano kūpono o ke ductility e kūpono loa ia, no ka mea hiki ke kikoo ʻia e kūpono i ka uhi e pono ai.
Keleawe ʻO ke kinikini keleawe (70%) a me ka zinc (30%), i hōʻike ʻia e kona kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe e hoʻolilo iā ia i mea pono no ka hana ʻana i nā ipu a me nā ipu, a me nā pono hana e koi ʻole ai i ka paʻakikī nui. Hoʻohui ʻia me ka piʻina hana ia mea kūpaʻa i ʻokikehu a me ka paʻakai, ma kahi o ka malleable loa.
Palakiko. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa loa ʻia, kēia mea ea i haku ʻia me ka calcium, ʻaila ʻaila a me nā hoʻohui aliphatic, i hana ʻia i ka makahiki 1880. Hana ʻia i nā kala a pili pū me ka honua o ke aʻo ʻana o nā keiki, ʻike ʻia ia e kona hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia me ka haki ʻole, e ʻae nei i kāna hana maʻalahi. me nā lima., mea kani a i ʻole kekahi ʻano o ka ʻili.
Keleawe. ʻO Copper (Cu) kahi metala hoʻololi ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula, kahi me ke gula a me ke kālā ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā kalaiwa uila uila.No kēia kumu, ʻo ia ka mea hao i makemake ʻia ke kūkulu ʻana i nā kaula uila a me nā ʻea uila a me nā uila, no ka mea he waiwai, malleable a ductile hoʻi.
Platinum. Kēia kaumaha, malleable a ductile hina-keʻokeʻo hoʻololi metala i waiwai i loko o nā mea hoʻonani a me nā keʻena hoʻokolohua me he mea ka popopo hoʻopale a me ka waiwai i loko o ke kūlohelohe. He mea maʻamau nō ka loaʻa o ka platinum (Pt) i nā mea hoʻohui catalytic no nā kaʻa, nā pilina uila a me nā ʻano o nā noi ʻē aʻe e hoʻohana ana i ke kūpaʻa.
ʻO ka aluminika. ʻO Aluminium (Al) kahi mea hao hao ʻole ferromagnetic a ʻo ke kolu ʻo ka mea maʻamau i ka honua. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i ka ʻoihana o nā mea, ʻoiai hiki ke huki ʻia ma ke ʻano he metala wale nō mai ka bauxite, ma muli o kāna mau waiwai e like me ka haʻahaʻa nuʻa, kiʻekiʻe conduction o ka wela a me ka uila, kiʻekiʻe ka popopo ia'ku, economical kāki a me ka alloability. No kēia kumu ʻo ia ka mea hao nui i hoʻohana ʻia, me ke kila, i ke kenekulia 20. ʻOiai ʻaʻole keu ke ʻano o kona ductility kūlohelohe, i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe hao ua hoʻoikaika ʻia kēia ʻano, a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ke koʻikoʻi a me ka popopo, ma o ka hoʻohui ʻia ʻana o Silicon (5 a 12%) a me ka magnesium.