Anter
ʻO ka anabolism a ʻo ka catabolism ʻO lākou nā hana kemika ʻelua e hana i ka metabolism (kahi o nā hopena kemika e kū i kēlā me kēia mea ola). Kūwili kēia mau kaʻina hana akā hoʻopili, ʻoiai hilinaʻi kekahi i kekahi a ʻae pū lākou i ka hana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā hunaola.
Anabolism
ʻO ka Anabolism, i kapa ʻia hoʻi ka pae kūkulu, ʻo ia ka hana metabolic e hoʻokumu ʻia ai kahi mea paʻakikī e hoʻomaka ana mai nā mea maʻalahi, ʻo ke meaola a mea ʻole. Hoʻohana kēia hana i kahi ʻāpana o ka ikehu i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e catabolism e synthesize i nā mole mole paʻakikī. O kahi laʻana: photosynthesis i nā meaola autotrophic, ke synthesi o lipids a i ʻole nā protein.
Hoʻokumu ke Anabolism i ke kumu no ka ulu a ulu ʻana o nā meaola ola. ʻO ia ke kuleana no ka mālama ʻana i nā kino o ke kino a me ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu.
- Hiki iā ia ke kōkua iā ʻoe: ʻO Biokimia
Catabolism
ʻO Catabolism, i kapa ʻia hoʻi he pae luku, ʻo ia ke kaʻina hana metabolic i piha i ka decomposition o nā mole kūpikipiki i nā mea maʻalahi. Hoʻopili kēia i ka haki a me ka hoʻowali ʻia ʻana o nā biomolecules i hele mai i ka meaʻai e like me nā haʻuki, nā protein, a me nā lipids. O kahi laʻana: digestion, glycolysis.
I kēia wā haki, hoʻokuʻu nā mole i ka ikehu ma ke ʻano o ATP (adenosine triphosphate). Hoʻohana ʻia kēia ikehu e nā hunaola e lawe i nā hana nui a me nā hopena anabolic no ke kūkulu ʻana i nā mole.
Nā laʻana o ka anabolism
- ʻYmiʻikepili. Hana ʻia nā kaʻina Anabolic e nā meaola autotrophic (ʻaʻole pono lākou i nā mea ola ʻē aʻe e hānai iā lākou iho, no ka mea hana lākou i kā lākou meaʻai ponoʻī). I ka photosynthesis, hoʻololi ʻia nā mea nonorganic i mea meaola ma o ka ikehu i hāʻawi ʻia e ka lā.
- Kemikala. Ka hana e hoʻohuli i hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku ke kalapona a me nā mole mole i loko o nā meaola e hoʻohana ana i ka oxyidation o nā hui inorganic. ʻOkoʻa ia mai photosynthesis no ka mea ʻaʻole ia e hoʻohana i ka lā i ke kumu o ka ikehu.
- Pōʻaiapuni ʻo Calvin. Hana ʻia nā kemika i loko o nā chloroplasts o nā hunaola mea kanu. I loko o ia mea, hoʻohana ʻia nā mole kalapona e hana i kahi mole mole glucose. ʻO ia nā kumu e pono ai nā meaola autotrophic e hoʻohui i nā mea inorganic.
- Hoʻolālā kumuʻiʻo. ʻO ke kaʻina hana kemika e hana ʻia ai nā protein i hana ʻia i nā kaulahao o nā amino acid. Lawe ʻia nā amino acid e ka RNA hoʻoili i ka elele RNA, ʻo ia ke kuleana no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ke kaʻina e hui pū ai nā amino acid e hana i ke kaulahao. Hana kēia hana i nā ribosome, nā organelles i loko o nā hunaola āpau.
- ʻO Gluconeogenesis. ʻO ke kaʻina hana kemika e synthesize ʻia ai ka glucose mai nā glycosidic precursors ʻaʻole he carbohydrates.
Nā laʻana o ka catabolism
- Hanu hoʻokiwikā. ʻO ke kaʻina hana kemika e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia ai kekahi mau meaola kūlohelohe e lilo i nā mea inorganic. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia ikehu catabolic e synthesize i nā mole o ATP. ʻElua ʻano o ka hanu ʻana o ke kelepona: aerobic (hoʻohana oxygen) a me anaerobic (ʻaʻole hoʻohana i ka oxygen akā nā mole ʻokanika ʻole ʻē aʻe).
- ʻEstionʻai ʻai. ʻO ka hana catabolic kahi e hoʻopau ʻia ai nā biomolecules e ke kino a hoʻohuli ʻia i mau ʻano maʻalahi (hoʻoliʻiliʻi nā proteins i nā amino acid, polysaccharides i monosaccharides a me lipids i nā fatty acid).
- ʻO Glycolysis. Hana ʻia ma hope o ka digestion (kahi e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia ai nā polysaccharides i ka glucose). I ka glycolysis e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēlā me kēia mole mole i nā mole ʻelua pyruvate.
- ʻO Krebs pōʻaiapuni. Nā hana kemika i ʻāpana o ka hanu ʻana o ke kelepona i nā hunaola aerobic. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka ikehu i mālama ʻia ma o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia o ka mole acetyl-CoA a me ka ikehu kemika ma ke ʻano o ATP.
- Hoʻohaʻahaʻa waikawa nukelika. ʻO ke kaʻina hana a ka deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) a me ka ribonucleic acid (RNA) e hana i nā kaʻina degradation.
- E hoʻomau me: phenomena kemika
