Anter
Ma lalo o ka inoa o Mites hui ʻia i kahi hōʻiliʻili nui loa o nā arachnids liʻiliʻi (he mau milimita wale nō ka lōʻihi), ʻo ia kekahi o nā meaola ʻāina kaulana loa, ʻoiai aia nā fossil kokoke 400 miliona mau makahiki.
Hoʻolahalaha ʻia i nā wahi ʻāina a me nā kai, a me nā ʻano kaiāulu a me nā wahi kai, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā mea ʻaihue a me nā parasites, ʻoiai aia kekahi ʻano ʻē e hānai i nā mea kanu a me nā ʻōpala neoneo.nā mea hoʻonāukiuki).ʻO lākou ke kumu o ka maʻi a me ka hauʻoli i nā kānaka a me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe.
ʻOiai aia ma kahi o 50,000 mau ʻano mites i wehewehe ʻia, ua manaʻo ʻia aia ma waena o 100,000 a me 500,000 ʻaʻole e ʻike ʻia.
Hiki iā ia ke lawelawe iā ʻoe: Nā laʻana o ka Parasitism
Nā ʻano o nā mites
Mites hoʻolaha ʻia i loko o ka papa o arachnidsNo laila, kaʻana like ia i kekahi mau ʻano morphological me nā holoholona e like me ka nananana a me ka scorpion: kahi kino i ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ke kino i uhi ʻia me ka chitin exoskeleton, ʻehā mau hui o nā wāwae hui ʻia a me kekahi mau chelicerae (pincer) e hānai. I nā ʻanoʻano parasitika, hoʻopili ʻia kēia mau mea hoʻopili e ʻūlū i loko o ka ʻili a omo i ke koko a i ʻole nā mea ola ʻē aʻe.
ʻO nā wahi noho o nā mites, e like me kā mākou i ʻōlelo ai, ʻokoʻa loa, hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou ma 5000 mau mika o ka hohonu i ke kai; Aka hoi, He mea maʻamau ka loaʻa ʻana iā lākou i loko o ko mākou mau home, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o nā kapeta, nā holoholona mea ukana, nā kapa moe a me nā wahi moe, no ka mea hānai lākou i nā ʻāpana o ka ʻili make e waiho ai ko mākou mau kino.
Kūleʻa lākou i ka huluhulu a i ʻole nā plumage o nā holoholona he nui a me nā kolo.. Hiki i kekahi ʻano ʻokoʻa ke lilo i nā mea mahiʻai a i ʻole ke alakaʻi i nā maʻi i hoʻopili ʻia, e like me ka scabies (psoriasis).
Nā ʻano mites
Wahi a kā lākou papaʻai, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻokaʻawale ma waena o nā ʻano mite ʻehā:
- Nā Parasite. ʻAi lākou i ka ʻili a i ʻole ke koko o nā holoholona, me nā kānaka, e hōʻino ana a me nā maʻi ʻili.
- Predators. ʻAi lākou meaolaola, nā arthropods liʻiliʻi a i ʻole nā arachnids liʻiliʻi aʻe.
- Nā Detritophages. ʻAi lākou ʻōpala ʻokanika waiho ʻia e nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe, e like me ka unahi, nā ʻāpana o ka ʻili, ka lauoho, a pēlā aku.
- Phytophages a me mycophagi. ʻAi lākou i nā mea kanu, nā lau a me nā fungi.
Pākuʻi mite
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mites he mea makaʻu ʻole. Aka hoi, ʻo kāu pahu noho a me nā kino o nā mite make i waena o nā kumu nui o nā maʻi āpau a me nā hānō i nā kānaka. ʻO nā ʻōuli maʻamau o ia ʻano maʻi āpau e like me ka sneezing, ka pīhoihoi, ka ihu ihu, ka ʻū, nā maka wai a me ka ʻulaʻula o ka ʻili.
Paipai pinepine ʻia nā ea pono o nā lumi, e hōʻalo ana i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka wai, a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe maʻamau me ka wai wela (ʻoi aku ma mua o 60 ° C) o nā kapeta, nā pēpē plush a me nā moena, a me ka hōʻike pinepine ʻana o nā moena a me nā uluna i ka lā.
Nā laʻana o nā mites
- Mite lepo. ʻO ka mite "maʻamau", ʻaʻohe mea maʻamau, ʻoiai e pili paha ia i ka hanu ʻana a me nā maʻi āpau o ka ʻili. Hiki ke loaʻa iā ia ma nā wahi āpau o ko mākou mau home, ma nā sofas a me nā pale, ma nā kapeta, kahi e hānai ai lākou i nā ʻōpala ʻokanika o kēlā me kēia ʻano. ʻO lākou kekahi ʻāpana o ke kaiaolaola kūloko.
- Mite scabies. Ke kumu o ka ʻōpala, kahi maʻi i hōʻeha i ke kanaka a me nā mea mammal ʻē aʻe, e hoʻoulu ana i nā hives a me nā ʻeha ma ka ʻili. ʻO kēia no ka mea eli nā mites i nā tunnels ma loko o nā papa o waho o ka mea, kahi e hānai ai lākou a kau i kā lākou mau hua, pale i nā hōʻeha mai ka hoʻōla maikaʻi. Hiki ke hoʻoili ʻia kēia maʻi mai kekahi mea ola a i kekahi mea ʻē aʻe me ka launa maʻalahi o kā lākou ʻili, akā koi mau ia i nā kūlana maʻemaʻe maikaʻi ʻole e ulu pono.
- Ticks. ʻO nā kikiki kaulana, ka mea parasitize i nā ʻano mammals (bipi, ʻīlio, pōpoki) a hiki ke ʻai i nā kānaka, he ʻano like ia o ka mite parasite nui. ʻAʻole wale lākou i nā holoholona hoʻonāukiuki wale nō, akā, ʻo nā halihali pū kekahi o nā maʻi lethal, e like me typhus, maʻi Lyme a i ʻole kekahi ʻano o ka lolo palapū me kā lākou nahu wale.
- Puka manu. ʻO kēia mau mite omo koko (ʻai lākou i ke koko) hoʻomaʻamaʻa lākou i nā manu, ʻoi aku ka moa, a hiki i kekahi manawa ke hoʻonui i kahi kekelē e like me nā holoholona āpau a nā holoholona a lākou e ʻai ai i ke koko. He mea maʻamau ka loaʻa ʻana iā lākou i nā moa, nā kuhukukū a me nā holoholona i hānai nui ʻia, ʻoiai i kēlā mau hihia hiki iā lākou ke hele aʻe mai kekahi holoholona i kahi holoholona a mālama i ka maʻi i ola.
- Mite ʻulaʻula. Inoa ʻepekema Panonychus ulmi, he ʻano like kēia mite phytophagous o nā kumulāʻau hua a manaʻo ʻia he pest pest kauwela. Kūleʻa lākou i ka hibernate i ke ʻano o ka hua manu a puka i ka puna ma lalo o nā lau, kahi maloʻo a hāʻule i kahi hopena.
- Punawelewele ulaula. I kekahi manawa huikau me ka mite ʻulaʻula, ka Tetranychus urticae ʻo ia kekahi mea pest o nā kumu lāʻau huaʻai, aia i loko o 150 mau ʻano mea kanu o ka mahiʻai koʻikoʻi. Aia ia ma ka mahele lalo o nā lau, kahi e ulana ai i kahi ʻano cobweb (no laila kona inoa).
- Mite kekī. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine kēia mite i nā ʻūlū i mālama ʻia no ka manawa lōʻihi: ua ʻike ʻia kona alo ma ke ʻano he kahina hina a me mealy, kahi e loaʻa ai nā mites ola, kā lākou mau hua a me kā lākou feces. Hiki i ka launa ʻana me kēia mau mites ke kumu i ka dermatitis i ke kanaka.
- Witehouse mite a weevil paha. ʻO kekahi ʻano o ka mite hale, i hōʻike mau ʻia i loko o nā kīʻaha, kahi e ʻai ai i nā palaoa, pasta a me nā ʻano mea kanu ʻē aʻe no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka culinary, a i ʻole nā ʻano fungus i hoʻomaka ʻia i loko o lākou. Makemake kekahi ʻano ʻē ʻO Glycyphagus domesticus a i ʻole Suidasia medanensis hiki iā lākou ke hana i nā maʻi āpau i ka poʻe.
- Mite scab. ʻO kēia mite, kahi e hoʻopili ai i nā mea kanu o kahi 30 mau mea kanu ʻai, mai ke kumu waina a i ka pistachio, ʻike ʻia he scab ma nā wahi mahiʻai o Sepania. Ma nā lau, ʻike ʻia lākou e nā kiko ʻeleʻele (nekrotic) a lākou e haʻalele ai i ko lākou mau uaua, akā hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopili i nā wahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ka māla.
- Mite lepo. Aia kēia mau holoholona i waena o nā mea nui he nui e noho ana, hoʻopuehu ʻia ma nā papahele o nā ululāʻau, nā pā a me nā kaiaolaola e hāʻawi iā lākou i nā meaola he nui e hoʻohaʻahaʻa. ʻO lākou, i kēia ʻano, kahi ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ka pōʻaiapili o ka mea i lawe ʻia a lilo i ka loulou haʻahaʻa i ka kaulahao meaʻai.
