Anter
ʻO ka ʻōnaehana pale ʻino a i ʻole ʻōnaehana pale ʻino He ʻano pale ia o ke kino o ke kanaka a me nā holoholona, ma o ka hoʻopili ʻana o ke kino, nā kemika a me nā hopena pūnaewele, mālama i ka loko o ke kino me ka ʻole o nā haole a me nā mea ʻawaʻawa a infectious paha, e like me nā virus, koʻohune a me kekahi poʻe ʻē aʻe meaolaola.
Kāhea ʻia kēia mau kino haole a pau antigens. A pale ʻia lākou e ke kino ma o ka huna ʻana o nā hunaola a me nā mea pale, e like me nā ʻano antibodies (nā keʻokeʻo koko keʻokeʻo): nā hunaola nāna e ʻike, ʻike a hoʻopuni i kēia mau kino makemake ʻole ʻia e ʻae i kā lākou kipaku hope ʻia ʻana mai ke kino.
ʻO nā pane maʻamau o ka ʻōnaehana pale pale e hoʻopili i ka mumū (e hoʻokaʻawale i ka wahi i pā ʻia), ke kuni (e hoʻoliʻiliʻi iki ai ke kino i ke komo ʻana i nā microorganism), a me nā pane ʻē aʻe.
Hana ʻia ka ʻōnaehana pale pale o nā hunaola a me nā ʻokena o ke kino, mai nā ʻōnaehana e hoʻopuka i nā hunaola keokeo, e like me ka pelupelu, ka iwi iwi a me nā ʻōpala like ʻole, akā ʻo nā membrane mucous a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino e ʻae ai i ka kipaku ʻana a pale paha i ke komo ʻana o nā agena kūwaho.
Nā ʻano o ka ʻōnaehana pale pale
ʻIke ʻia nā ʻano ʻelua o ka ʻōnaehana pale:
- ʻŌnaehana pale ʻino kūlohelohe. Kāhea ʻia he innate a nonspecific paha, pili ia i nā ʻano pale o ke kemika o ke ola a hele pū me mākou i ka wā hānau. Kū like lākou a kokoke i nā mea ola a pau, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi a unicellular, hiki ke pale iā lākou iho ma o nā enzyme a me nā protein mai ke alo o nā mea hana parasite.
- ʻ immunenaehana pale maʻi loaʻa. ʻO ka maʻamau o nā vertebrates a me nā mea ola kiʻekiʻe aʻe, kahi ʻāpana o ka kikoʻī e pono ai e hoʻolaʻa ʻia nā pūnaewele i ka pale a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe o nā meaola, e pili pū me ka ʻōnaehana kūlohelohe ponoʻī. Hoʻololi kēia ʻano hana pale i ka manawa a "aʻo" e ʻike i nā mea maʻi lele, a pēlā e hōʻike ai i kahi "hoʻomanaʻo hoʻomanaʻo". ʻO ka hope ka waiwai o nā lāʻau āpau.
He aha ka mea e hōʻino ai i ka ʻōnaehana paleʻea?
ʻOiai ka maikaʻi a me ka hoʻohui ʻana, ʻaʻole hiki ke kāohi ʻia nā maʻi āpau a hoʻopau ʻia e ka ʻōnaehana pale wale. I kekahi mau hihia ʻaʻole hiki i nā lāʻau ʻino ke hoʻomaopopo a hoʻokaʻawale paha i ka mea hōʻino, a i ʻole kekahi manawa ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia. I kēia mau hihia he mea nui e lawe i nā lāʻau.
ʻO ka hihia like ia me nā maʻi autoimmune, kahi e lilo ai ka ʻōnaehana pale pilikino i pilikia ma o ka hoʻouka ʻana i nā hunaola olakino a i ʻole nā kino, ʻike hewa iā lākou he poʻe hoʻouka kaua.
Ke lohi a maikaʻi ʻole paha ka hopena o kahi meaola, ua kapa ʻia ia ma kahi ʻano immunosuppressed a i ʻole immunodeficit kanaka.
ʻO nā kumu o kēia kūleʻa ʻole hiki ke lilo i mau, ʻo ia hoʻi:
- Nā maʻi Immunosuppressive. ʻO kekahi mau ʻākena e hana i nā maʻi pale maʻi e like me ka maʻi AIDS, kū pololei i nā keʻokeʻo koko keʻokeʻo o ke kino, me kēlā ʻano virulence ʻaʻole lākou e ʻae i kā lākou pani ma kahi helu kūpono e mālama ai i ke kino. ʻO ke ʻano o nā maʻi hānau ʻē aʻe, e like me ka maʻi granulomatous mau, hana i nā hanana like me ka hiki ʻole ke lawe ʻia.
- Kaʻai pono ʻole. ʻO nā hemahema nui o kaʻai, keu hoʻi ka nele o nā protein a me nā mea kikoʻī e like me ka hao, zinc, keleawe, selenium a me nā huaora A, C, E, B6 a me B9 (folic acid) kahi hopena pololei i ka maikaʻi o ka pane pale. No laila, ʻo nā kānaka i kahi kūlana malnutr a i ʻole me ka lawa pono o ka meaʻai, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka maʻi i nā maʻi ma mua o ka mea i hānai maikaʻi ʻia.
- ʻAlekohola, puhipaka a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau. ʻO ka ʻai nui loa o ka waiʻona, paka, a me nā lāʻau i hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ka ʻōnaehana pale, hoʻonāwaliwali a waiho i ke kino no ka maʻi.
- Ka momona. ʻO ka momona, ʻoi loa i nā hihia maʻi, lawe i nā nāwaliwali olakino he nui, ʻo kekahi o ia mea he lohi nui o ka ʻōnaehana pale.
- Pāhawewe. ʻO kekahi o nā hopena nui o ka haumia o ke kino o ke kanaka e nā kiʻekiʻena o ka ionizing radiation ʻo ia ka immunosuppression, ma muli o ka hōʻino o kēia mau ʻāpana e hana ai i ka iwi iwi. He hanana ia i hōʻike ʻia i nā mea hana pale ʻole o nā mea weliweli, a i ʻole nā mea i loaʻa i nā pōpilikia nukelea e like me Chernobyl.
- Nā Chemotherapies. ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau radical e hana ai i ka maʻi ʻaʻai a i ʻole nā maʻi incurable ʻē aʻe i hana pinepine ʻole, hāʻawi ʻia i ke ʻano o nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia, e hoʻokau lākou i ka ʻōnaehana pale i kahi haʻalulu weliweli loa. ʻO ia ke kumu e hele mau ai kēia mau mālama me nā papaʻai a me nā mālama ʻē aʻe e ʻae e pale iki i kēia hopena.
- Nā lāʻau lapaʻau kekahi. Hiki i kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau ke hōʻemi a hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka pane o ke kino o ka pale, a no laila hoʻohana ʻia e hana me nā kūlana autoimmune. Eia nō naʻe, hoʻohana hewa ʻia e hiki ai i kahi hōʻemi weliweli o ka pane pale o ke kino. ʻO ka hoʻohana pilikino ʻole ʻia o nā lāʻau antibiotic hiki ke loaʻa ka hopena immunosuppressive i ke kino.
- Immunosenescence. ʻO kēia ka inoa i hāʻawi ʻia i ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi o ka pono o ka ʻōnaehana paleʻea e hele mai me nā makahiki i hala, ma hope o 50 mau makahiki, a ʻo ia ka huahana o kahi kūlohelohe o ka ʻōnaehana pale.
- Ka nele o ka hoʻoikaika kino. Ua hōʻoia ʻia kahi ola hoʻoikaika kino, ʻo ia hoʻi, me nā hana hoʻoikaika kino, hoʻoikaika i ka ʻōnaehana paleʻea a hoʻonui i ka pane. ʻO ke ola sedentary, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, e hōʻemi a hoʻonāwaliwali hoʻi i ka pane o ke kino.
- Kaumaha. Ua hōʻoia ʻia kahi loulou ma waena o ke kūlana naʻau o ke kanaka a me kā lākou ʻōnaehana pale, no laila e hōʻike ka mea kaumaha i kahi pane lohi ma mua o hoʻokahi me kekahi zest no ke ola.
