Anter
ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho o nā mea i kapa ʻia nohona ʻepekema Hoʻokumu ʻia ia e nā kaʻina o nā aʻo e hana, mai kahi kuanaʻike ʻepekema a i ʻole ʻepekema e hiki ai, ka ke aʻo ʻana i nā hui kanaka a me kā lākou mea a me nā pilina immaterial i ke kaiāulu. ʻO kāna pahuhopu e ʻike i nā kānāwai kaiaulu i pili i nā ʻoihana like ʻole a me nā hui kanaka, e pili ana i ka ʻike o ka hana a kēlā me kēia hui.
Hāʻawi ʻia i kā lākou mau pilikia metodology kūikawā, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia pūʻulu haʻawina, i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā māla o ka ʻike, mai ka ʻepekema kūlana a i ʻole kūlohelohe, kuleana no ke aʻo ʻana i nā kānāwai e hoʻomalu i nā kūlohelohe (e like me ka makemakika, ke kālaikūlohea, ke kemika, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) ma o kahi ʻano inductive a deductive paha.
ʻOiai lākou e ʻiʻini nei i ke kūlana o ka ʻepekema piha, ka ʻepekema ʻepekema pili i ka noʻonoʻo a me ke kūkākūkā hoʻopaʻapaʻa, no laila ke hoʻopaʻapaʻa lōʻihi e pili ana i nā ʻepekema ʻepekema a ʻoiai he aha maoli nō ʻepekema, a i ʻole nā mea e pono ai e ʻike ʻia kahi kahua o ka ʻike e like me kēlā.
ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole kūlike ke aʻo ʻana i ka lawena kanaka i ke ʻano hana a me nā canons no ke ana ʻana i ka lawena o ke kanaka. ʻepekema kūlohelohe a koi lākou i kā lākou ʻōnaehana ponoʻī o ka loiloi a me ka ʻike.
E nānā pū: Nā laʻana o ka ʻepekema a me ka ʻenehana
Nā ʻano o ka ʻepekema pilikanaka
Ma ka ʻōlelo ākea, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻepekema pilikanaka e like me ka wahi o ka hoihoi, ʻo ia hoʻi:
- Nā ʻepekema e pili ana i ka launa pū. ʻO kāna wahi hoihoi e hoʻokumu ʻia e nā pilina e hana ʻia ma loko a ma waena hoʻi o nā hui kanaka.
- ʻO nā ʻepekema e pili ana i ka ʻōnaehana ʻike kanaka. Hoʻopaʻa lākou i nā ʻano o ke kamaʻilio ʻana, ke aʻo ʻana, ka pilikanaka a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka manaʻo i kēlā me kēia. I kekahi mau ʻāina ua manaʻo ʻia lākou he ʻāpana o ka māina humanistic, akā.
- ʻO nā ʻepekema e pili ana i ka ulu o nā kaiāulu. Nānā lākou i nā lauana a me nā leʻa i ka mōʻaukala o nā kaiāulu a mālama i kahi moʻohelu o nā ʻano a me nā ʻano o kā lākou kumukānāwai.
Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻaʻohe papahele kūpono ʻole a kānalua ʻole o ka ʻepekema pilikanaka, akā kahi papa o ka ʻike i hiki ke hoʻopili hou ʻia a me ke kūkā mau.
E nānā pū: He aha nā ʻepekema ʻoiaʻiʻo?
Nā laʻana mai ka ʻepekema ʻepekema
O ke ʻano mua:
- ʻIkapila. ʻO ke aʻo e makemake ana e hoʻopaʻa i ke kanaka mai kahi kuanaʻike, e hoʻohana ana i nā pono hana o ka Social and Natural Science.
- Waihona Waihona Puke (a me ka ʻEpekema Waihona Puke). ʻIke ʻia hoʻi he ʻike ʻepekema, noi ʻia e hoʻopaʻa i nā kiʻina o ka faila ʻana a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā ʻano palapala like ʻole, ʻaʻole wale nā puke a me nā makasina.
- Akau. Ua kākoʻo ka ʻepekema i ke aʻo ʻana i nā kiʻina hoʻonohonoho a me ke kaʻina kānāwai e hoʻoholo ai i ke code of conduct me kahi e alakaʻi ʻia ai nā hui like ʻole.
- Hoʻokele waiwai. Ke aʻo ʻana i nā ʻano o ka hoʻokele, ka hāʻawi ʻana, ka hoʻololi a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā waiwai a me ka hōʻoluʻolu o nā pono o ke kanaka mai kahi palena o nā mea.
- Helu moʻokūʻauhau. Hoʻolaʻa ʻia ka hoʻopaʻi no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻōnaehana o nā moʻomeheu a me nā hui kaiaulu like ʻole, i manaʻo ʻia i nā manawa he nui ma ke ʻano he lālā o ka anthropology a i ʻole moʻomeheu moʻomeheu. Manaʻo ʻia he ʻano noiʻi no ka moʻomeheu.
- ʻNiwi. Hoʻolaʻa ʻia ʻia ia i ke aʻo ʻana i nā lāhui a me nā lāhui kanaka, akā e hoʻokumu ana i nā pilina hoʻohālikelike ma waena o nā hui kaiaulu a me ka wā kahiko.
- ʻOihana kaiāulu. Hoʻolaʻa ʻia ka ʻepekema i ke aʻo ʻana i nā hale a me nā ʻōnaehana o nā ʻano kanaka like ʻole, e noʻonoʻo mau nei iā lākou i kā lākou ʻike mōʻaukala a me ka moʻomeheu.
- Criminology. ʻIke ʻia hoʻi me nā ʻepekema lawehala, ua hoʻolaʻa ʻia ia i ke aʻo ʻana i nā ʻano lawena e pili ana i ka lawehala a me ka lawehala, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka haki ʻana o ke kahua kū kānāwai o kahi kaiāulu kanaka i hāʻawi ʻia.
- Kālaiʻāina. Kuhi ʻia i kekahi manawa he ʻEpekema Political a i ʻole Theory Political, he ʻepekema ʻepekema ia e aʻo ana i nā ʻōnaehana like ʻole o ke aupuni a me nā kānāwai kanaka, ma ka wā kahiko a me ka hou.
O ka lua o ka ʻano:
- ʻ .lelo. I nā ʻāina he nui i manaʻo ʻia he ʻepekema humanistic a i ʻole ke kahua o nā humanities, he aʻo ia i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i ke aʻo a me ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā ʻano like ʻole o ke kamaʻilio kanaka: nā waha a me ka waha ʻole.
- Psychology. Ua hoʻolaʻa ʻia ka ʻepekema i ke aʻo ʻana i ka lawena kanaka a me ke kumukānāwai o ka psyche, mai nā kuanaʻike kaiāulu a me ke kaiāulu, a me nā mea hoʻi a me nā mea i loko. ʻO ka nui o kāna mau pono hana mai Kauka mai.
- Hoʻonaʻauao. Avocada i ke aʻo ʻana i nā ala e loaʻa ai ka ʻike a me nā ʻano a i ʻole nā ʻoihana e hoʻomohala ʻia e ke kanaka.
ʻO ke ʻano ʻekolu:
- ʻĀkalakala. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia e hoʻopaʻa ʻōnaehana i nā loli i kū i ka papa o nā kaiāulu kahiko, ma muli o nā mea i koe i mālama ʻia mai iā lākou.
- ʻO Demography. ʻO ka ʻepekema ke kumu o ka ʻike helu ʻana i nā hanana a me nā dinamika i pili i nā kaiāulu kanaka, me kā lākou hana o ka hoʻokumu ʻana, ka mālama ʻana a me ka nalo ʻana.
- Kālaimeaola kanaka. ʻO ke aʻo e aʻo i ka pili kaiaola a me ka pilina ma waena o ka nohona kanaka a me ke kaiapuni. Manaʻo pinepine ia he lālā o Sociology.
- Palapala ʻāina. ʻO ka ʻepekema ke kuleana o ke kiʻiona kiʻi o ka honua o ka honua, a me ka wehewehe o kāna ʻike kanaka, kūlohelohe a me nā meaola. Hāʻawi ʻia ia i ke aʻo ʻana i nā pilina maoli a i ʻole nā manaʻo kuhihewa e kū nei ma waena o nā wahi like ʻole e māhele ai ka honua. Mālama pinepine ʻia ʻo ia e nā Humanities.
- Mōʻaukala. Aia kahi hoʻopaʻapaʻa hou e pili ana i ka pili a i ʻole ʻole o ka Mōʻaukala i ka ʻepekema ʻepekema. I kekahi hihia, aia ia i ke kuleana o ke aʻo ʻana i ka manawa o nā kaiāulu kanaka a me kā lākou ʻano o ka launa pū ʻana, kā lākou kaʻina hana a me nā hanana i hōʻike ʻia iā lākou.
Hiki iā ia ke lawelawe iā ʻoe: Nā laʻana o ka ʻepekema Kūlohelohe i ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā
