Anter
Aʻokikehu he hui kemika i kupu aʻe mai nā hui pū ʻana o a mea hao aiʻole metallic ʻole me ka oxygen. I ke ʻano kemika, lawe ʻia ka mea reagent (metala + oxygen) ma ka ʻaoʻao hema a me ka huahana i hoʻokumu ʻia mai iā ia ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻo ka hui ʻana o ka puna a me ka oxygen e hana kikoʻī i ka calcium oxide.
I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, maʻamau ʻekehu Hoʻokumu ʻia lākou i nā hihia kahi e hui ai nā mea kemika me ka ea a i ʻole ka wai, kahi nui o ka oxygen: ʻo kēia ke kumu o ka ʻaihue ʻana i nā mea, ke hele mai hoʻi metala. I mea e hoʻoponopono ai i kēia, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā mea antioxidant.
Ma loko o nā oxides, hana maʻa mau ʻia kahi papaʻina e like me ke kumumana e hui pū ʻia ka oxygen:
- ʻO nā oxide kumu: huahana hoʻohuihui o ka hui pū ʻana o kahi mea metala me ka oxygen.
- ʻĀkika ʻakika: huahana hoʻohui o ka hui pū o kahi mea nonmetal me ka oxygen.
- ʻOxide Amphoteric: pili kekahi mea amphoteric i ka hui, no laila hana nā oxides i mau acid a i ʻole nā waihona.
Nomenclature
E inoa i kēia ʻano mea, ʻekolu koho o nā ala e hana ai:
ʻO ka nomenclature kuʻuna (a i ʻole stoichiometric): ʻO ia ka mea e inoa i ka valence o ka inoa inoa kikoʻī, ma o ka moʻo o nā uninfo a me nā hope. Ke ala ʻokoʻa ka inoa o kēlā me kēia oxide e like me ka helu o nā valences o ka element.
- Ke loaʻa hoʻokahi wale ka valence o ka mea, e kapa ʻia ka oxide ʻo 'oxide (a me ka element me ka ʻopi i kūkulu ʻia ʻo' ico ', e like me potassium oxide)’
- Ke loaʻa nā valence ʻelua o ka mea, e kapa ʻia ka oxide ʻo 'oxide (a me ka element me ka ʻopi i kūkulu ʻia ʻo' ico ', e like me ferric oxide) 'No ka valence nui loa, a me ka' oxide (a me ka element me ka 'bear' suffix i kūkulu ʻia, e like me ferrous oxide)’
- Ke loaʻa i nā mea ʻekolu nā valences, e kapa ʻia ka oxide 'oxide (a me ke element me ka prefic' hiccup 'a me ka suffix' bear ', e like me ka oxide hyposulfurous) 'No ka valence haʻahaʻa loa, e kapa ʻia ia ʻo' oxide (a me ka mea me ka hua kau 'bear', e like me ka ʻoka hoʻoheheʻe hao) no ka valence waena, a me 'oxide (a me ka mea me ka hope i hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo' ico ', e like me ʻoloka sulfuric)’
- Ke loaʻa i nā mea ʻehā nā valences, e kāhea ʻia ka oxide:
- 'ʻOʻOxide (a me ka mea me ka mua' hiccup 'a me ka hope' bear ')' no ka valence haʻahaʻa loa. O kahi laʻana, ʻokikehuhypochlorous.
- 'ʻOʻOxide (a me ka mea me ka' bear 'hope) no ka valence liʻiliʻi ʻelua. O kahi laʻana, ʻokikone kolikola.
- 'ʻOʻOxide (a me ka mea me ka hopena i kūkuluʻia' ')' no ka valence lua nui loa. O kahi laʻana, ʻolokaʻa ʻaʻano.
- 'ʻOʻOxide (a me ka mea me ka mua' per 'a me ka hope' '') 'no ka valence nui loa. O kahi laʻana, ʻokikene perchloric.
ʻO ka nomenclature ʻōnaehana ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi ma mua o ka mea kuʻuna, a kapa ʻia ka oxide a me ke kumu, akā ma mua o ka kākau ʻia ʻana o kēlā me kēia o lākou i ka nui o nā ʻoma i loaʻa i loko o kēlā mole. ʻO ka mua 'mono' no hoʻokahi atoma, ʻo ka mua 'di' no ʻelua, ʻo ka 'tri' no ʻekolu, ʻo ka 'tetra' no ʻehā, ʻo ka 'penta' no ʻelima, ʻo ka 'hexa' no ʻeono, ʻo ka ' hepta no ʻehiku a ʻo ka 'octo' no ʻewalu. Aia kēia hui, ma kahi laʻana, ka dichopper monoxide, ka dialuminium trioxide, ka dioxide kalapona, a i ʻole ka difluorine monoxide.
ʻO ka Nomenclature waihonaʻO ka hope loa, hoʻokumu ʻia ia i ke kākau ʻana i ka huaʻōlelo oxide, a ukali ʻia e ka inoa o ka hao a me ka helu hoʻohaʻahaʻa a i ʻole valence me ia e hana ai, i nā panakū a me nā helu Roma. Analogically i ka nomenclature kuʻuna, e kākau ʻia ia kolikoli (I) ʻokikene no ka oxide hypochlorous, mūkalu (II) ʻokikene no ka oxide chlorous, mūkalu (III) ʻokikene no ka chloric oxide, a mūkalu (IV) ʻokikene no ka perchloric oxide.
E hāhai me:
- Pehea ka inoa o nā waikawa?
