Anter
ʻO kahydroxides hopena mai ka hui ʻana o a mea hoʻoheheʻe hao (i kapa ʻia he mau oxides kumu) a me ka wai. I kēia ala, hāʻawi ʻia ka hoʻohui o nā hydroxides e ʻekolu mau mea: oxygen, hydrogen a me ka metala i nīnau ʻia. I ka huikau, hana mau ke metala ma ke ʻano kalaiwa a hana ka mea hui hydroxide ma ke ʻano he anion.
Hoʻohālikelike nā Hydroxides i kekahi mau ʻano, e like me ka ʻono ʻawaʻawa e like me ke kopa, pahee i ka hoʻopā ʻana, e ʻai ana, e loaʻa ana kekahi mau mea holoi a me nā mea kopa, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nā aila a me ka sulfur, a me ka pane ʻana me nā waikawa e hana i nā paʻakai.
Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, kikoʻī kekahi mau ʻano i kēlā me kēia ʻano o ka hydroxide, e like me ka sodium, ka mea e ʻono wikiwiki ai i ka carbon dioxide a me ka wai; ʻo ke kalipona i loaʻa i ka hopena o ka calcium oxide me ka wai; a i ʻole ka hao (II) ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i loko o ka wai.
No ke aha lākou e hoʻohana ai?
Hoʻololi pū nā noi o hydroxides ma waena o nā hihia like ʻole.
- ʻO ka sodium hydroxide, no ka laʻana, pili i ka ʻoihana o nā kopa a me ka nani a me nā huahana mālama kino.
- ʻO ka kalipuna hydroxideNo kāna ʻāpana, he kuleana waena kāna i kekahi mau kaʻina e like me ka loaʻa ʻana o ka sodium carbonate.
- ʻO ka lithium hydroxide Hoʻohana ʻia ia i ka hana ʻana i nā keramika, ʻoiai ka magnesium e hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he antacid a i ʻole laxative.
- ʻO ka hao hydroxide Hoʻohana ʻia lākou i ke kaʻina o nā mea kanu momona.
Nā Nomenclature
No ka nui o nā hui kemika, aia kekahi mau nomenclature like ʻole no nā hydroxides:
- ʻO ka nomenclature kuʻuna, ʻo kahi laʻana, ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻomaka me ka huaʻōlelo hydroxide e ukali nei i ke kumumanaʻo akā e noʻonoʻo ana i ka valence e hana ai: ke pili me hoʻokahi valence e hoʻohana ʻia ka hopena 'ico', ke pili lākou me ʻelua. ʻo ia ka mea me ka valence kiʻekiʻe e hoʻopau ana i ka 'bear' a ʻo ka mea me kahi liʻiliʻi e hoʻopau me ka 'ico', a ke holo ia me ʻekolu a ʻehā paha valence, e hoʻohui ʻia ka hoʻomaka 'hiccup' a i ʻole 'per' e like me ka hihia. e
- ʻO ka Nomenclature waihona ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻohana i ka huaʻōlelo hydroxide, akā ma kahi o ke kākoʻo ʻana me hoʻokahi huaʻōlelo, hoʻohana ia i ka preposition 'o' a laila ka mea hao, e waiho ana i nā valences i nā pale.
- ʻO ka nomenclature ʻōnaehana ʻo ia ka mea nāna e unuhi i nā pā mua helu i ka huaʻōlelo hydroxide.
Nā laʻana o nā hydroxides
- Kēpau (II) hydroxide, Pb (OH)2, kēpau dihydroxide.
- ʻO Platinum (IV) hydroxide, Pt (OH)4, platinum quadhydroxide.
- ʻO Vanadic hydroxide, V (OH)4, vanadium tetrahydroxide.
- Ferrous hydroxide, Fe (OH)2, hao dihydroxide.
- ʻO kēpau (IV) hydroxide, Pb (OH) 4, kēpau tetrahydroxide.
- Hydroxide kala, AgOH, hydroxide kala.
- ʻO Cobalt Hydroxide, Co (OH)2, cobalt dihydroxide.
- Manganese hydroxide, Mn (OH)3, manganese trihydroxide.
- Ferric hydroxide, Fe (OH)3, hao trihydroxide.
- ʻO Cupric hydroxide, Cu (OH)2, keleawe dihydroxide.
- ʻO Aluminium hydroxide, Al (OH)3, trihydroxide alumini.
- ʻO Sodium hydroxide, NaOH, sodium hydroxide.
- Strontium hydroxide, Sr (OH)2, strontium dihydroxide.
- Makanekiuma hydroxide, Mg (OH)2, magnesium dihydroxide.
- Ammonium hydroxide, NH4OH, amonium hydroxide.
- Cadmium hydroxide, Cd (OH)2, cadmium dihydroxide.
- ʻO Vanadic hydroxide, V (OH)3, vanadium trihydroxide.
- Mercuric hydroxide, Hg (OH)2, mercury dihydroxide.
- Cuprous hydroxide, CuOH, keleawe hydroxide.
- Lithium hydroxide, LiOH, lithium hydroxide.
I kekahi manawa, he inoa maʻamau nā hydroxides i hāʻawi ʻia e kā lākou hoʻohana maʻamau, e like me ka sodium hydroxide i kapa ʻia hoʻi ka caustic soda, potassium hydroxide i kapa ʻia he caustic potash, calcium hydroxide i kapa ʻia he wai lime a i kina ʻia ka lime, a kapa ʻia ka magnesium i ka waiū o magnesia.
- E hāhai me: Nā laʻana o nā hydroxides (wehewehe ʻia)
