Nā Minelala

Anter

• Waihona minerala
• ʻO nā minelala ʻē aʻe i kū i ke kūlohelohe
• Hiki ke lawelawe iā ʻoe
• Nā ʻano o nā minelala
• Waiwai

ʻO ka nā minelalaHe mau mea inorganic lākou o ka wehewehe kemikala i wehewehe ʻia, i loaʻa i nā ʻano pōhaku ʻokoʻa e kū mai ana mai nā kaʻina hana o ka disintegration o ka iwi honua.

ʻOiai ʻo kekahi mau minelala e hana ʻia i hoʻokahi mea (nā minelala maoli), ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou i hoʻokumu ʻia mai nā hopena kemika i hana ʻia i nā papa mua o ka honua honua i ka wā ma mua loa a hoʻokomo i nā ʻano kemika like ʻole.

Pili nā mineral nui i nā ʻohana kemika o sulfides, sulfates a me sulfosalts; ʻo nā minelala like ʻole kekahi ʻokikena, carbonates, nitrates, borates, phosphates a nā silicates.

Ka helu o nā hui kūpono o nā mea kemika he mea kupaianaha maoli ia a wehewehe aku, ma ka ʻāpana, ka laulā nui o nā lau, nā waihoʻoluʻu, nā nui a me nā ʻano hōʻike ʻia e nā minelala. Hoʻopili pū kekahi i nā hanana honua a me nā geological i kēia mau kaʻina hana.

Hiki iā ia ke lawelawe iā ʻoe:

• Nā laʻana o nā Pohaku Igneous
• Nā laʻana o nā paʻakai paʻakai

Waihona minerala

ʻO ka waihona kālā mineral nā waihona i kūlohelohe o kēia mau mea i kū i ke kaiāulu o kēia au i nā koina ulu o ka ʻoihana.

No ke kiʻi ʻana i nā minelala, pono ia hoʻouku mining, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā luawai kū i kū i nā lālā a i loko o nā hale kaulike.

Ke hoʻolaha nei kēia ma hope o ka ʻalā kūpā makemake ʻoe e hoʻohana, akā hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i ka lua lua, inā ʻoi aku ka nui o nā minelala ma luna.

ʻO ka ʻo ka mining kahi hana ʻoihana kiʻekiʻe loa ma muli o ka likelika o nā ulia pōpilikia a maikaʻi ʻole hoʻi, ma muli o ka ʻiʻini o nā mea hoʻonāukiuki no ka hanu hanu.

Ua helu ʻia ma lalo nā minelala he iwakālua, ma ke ʻano he laʻana:

1. kalekopeta: melemele i ke kala, ka hapa nui o ka manawa ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano nui. ʻAneʻane ʻelua hapakolu o kona kaupaona e kūlike i ka hao a me ke keleawe, no laila hoʻohana nui ʻia ka chalcopyrite no nā hana ʻoihana. I kekahi mau hihia hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i ke gula a me ke kālā, no laila e hoʻonui ka hoihoi i ia.
2. azurite: he mineral palupalu me ke kala polū, pili i ka malachite, uhi pinepine ia i nā minelala like ʻole e waiho nei ma ka ʻaoʻao kiʻekiʻe o nā waihona. Hoʻohana ʻia ia me he pōhaku kāhiko a me ke ʻano he colorant.
3. malachite: lawe ʻia ia mai kahi pōhaku palupalu nona nā waihona nui i kēia lā ma Zaire. Hoʻohana mau ʻia ia i nā mea kāhiko, ʻoiai hāʻawi ʻia nā waiwai therapeutic iā ia.
4. magnetite: loaʻa i loko o nā ʻano pōhaku igneous a metamorphic paha, he mea hao hao. He palupalu a paʻakikī ia, a kūpaʻa loa i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe, kahi mea pale maikaʻi no nā paila paila. Hoʻonui ʻia ka hana ʻoihana i ke kūkulu ʻana, kahi e hoʻohana ʻia ai no ka pōhaku paʻa.
5. gula ʻōiwi: mea kila nui i hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā mea hoʻonaninani a me nā mea gula, hoʻohana ʻia i nā uila uila, nā kahua niho a me nā mea hana ea. Hoʻopili ʻia kāna kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe i ka lahilahi a me nā pilikia i ka loaʻa ʻana, palena kēia i ka hoʻohana.
6. aragonite: me ka lehulehu o nā kala, ʻike ʻia ia i nā veins hydrothermal, maʻamau i nā kūlana wela haʻahaʻa. Hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau ʻano like me nā pōhaku kāhiko.
7. siderite: hana ʻia ia i nā wahi pohō i waiwai i nā meaola, he kala kona ma waena o ka brownish brown a me ka hina ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻO kāna mea nui i ka unuhi ʻana o ka hao, ʻo ia ke kumu e ʻike ʻia ai he mineral nui i ka ʻoihana kila.
8. bauxite: pōhaku i haku ʻia ma ka hapanui o nā alumina. ʻO ka maʻamau a maʻalahi, palupalu a me ka pālolo. Hoʻohana ʻia ia e like me nā mea maka e loaʻa ai ka aluminika, kahi mea e pono ai, no ka mea he mea nui ka aluminika no nā ʻoihana like ʻole.
9. cerussite: hele mai i nā kala i waena o keʻokeʻo, hina a ʻeleʻele, ʻoiai hiki ke kala ʻole. Hoʻopili ʻia me nā minelala mua e like me galena a me sphalerite, he kumu waiwai ia no ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kēpau.
10. pyrite: ka mineral e like me ke gula, hoʻohana ʻia e kiʻi i ka waikawa sulfuric. ʻO kā lākou kūlike i ke gula he kumu o ka hoʻopunipuni, ʻoiai i nā maka i hoʻomaʻamaʻa he ʻelua mau minela ʻano nui.
11. rhodochrosite: ka mineral i haku pono ʻia o ka magnesium carbonate, ʻulaʻula i ka poni, aniani moakaka iki. Aia ia ma Argentina, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me Lūkia, a hoʻohana ʻia nā hoʻohana mai nā mea nani a i ka hana ʻana i nā statuette.
12. quartz: kala ʻole i kona kūlana maʻemaʻe, akā hiki ke hoʻohana i nā kala like ʻole ke hoʻohui ʻia. Loaʻa iā ia nā waiwai piezoelectric (pane ia i nā hana mechanical e ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka uila), i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā hāmeʻa. ʻO ia ka mineral nui loa i ka honua honua, aʻo nā waihona Brazil ka mea i hoʻohana ʻia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.
13. feldspars: nā minela paʻakikī a nui, kū i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe (ʻoi aku ma mua o 900 ° C). Ua lawelawe lākou no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā wahie kuʻihao, a i ka hana kīʻaha a me nā pālolo.
14. ʻeleʻele mika. Hana ʻia nā mīkini uila me ka mica, kahi e hehee wale ai i nā mahana ma luna o 1200 ° C.
15. ʻoliva: ʻōmaʻomaʻo maʻamau i ke kala, ʻoiai ma kekahi mau manawa he colorless. He semi-paakiki ia a loaʻa i ka limamona dolomitic metamorphosed. Hoʻohana ʻia nā pōhaku i loaʻa iā ia no ka hana ʻana i nā mea refractory, a ʻimi ʻia kāna mau ʻano aniani moakaka e like me nā momi waiwai.
16. kaleka: mea koho nui o nā kinikini a me nā ʻano hoʻokumu like ʻē aʻe. Hoʻohana ʻia ia e huki i nā imporm siliceous a hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻoihana optika. Hiki iā ia ke loaʻa nā kala ʻokoʻa.
17. kiola: huki ʻia ia mai ka lua hāmama a i ʻole nā ​​hakakā lalo, ma ka laulaha, ma o nā hana e koi ai i ka ikaika. Nui nā hoʻohana o kēia mineral, akā me ka kānalua ʻole ka mea nui e hoʻohui i ka hui i hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻoihana kūkulu.
18. sulfur: melemele non-metallic element. Loaʻa iā ia kahi mana kuni nui a he hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai i nā ʻano āpau. He ʻāpana ia o nā hana a ke kanaka.
19. borax: aniani keʻokeʻo e hoʻonā maʻalahi i ka wai. Loaʻa i nā mea holoi a me nā pesticides, i nā mea hoʻonaninani no ka soldering gula a me ke kālā, a i ka hana kīʻaha a me nā lāʻau.
20. paʻakai paʻakai: uhi ʻia nā wahi nui o ʻAmelika Hema e nā pā paʻakai i piha nā paʻakai like ʻole, me ka sodium chloride, me ka paʻakai paʻakai e hana ʻia ai.

ʻO nā minelala ʻē aʻe i kū i ke kūlohelohe

Hiki ke lawelawe iā ʻoe

• Nā laʻana o nā Pohaku Igneous
• Nā laʻana o ka ʻOihana Kaumaha
• Nā laʻana o nā paʻakai paʻakai

Nā ʻano o nā minelala

Hiki i nā Minerals ke hoʻonohonoho i kahi hanana microscopic i kauoha ʻia, e hāhai ana i kahi kumu paʻa, a i ʻole hoʻonohonoho ʻia, me ka ʻole o kahi kikoʻī a hoʻonohonoho paha.

Kāhea ʻia ka mea mua nā minelala crystalline, Hana kēia mau ʻano geometric e like me cubes, prisma, pyramids a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Aia ma laila kekahi mau pōhaku i kapa ʻia he pōhaku makamae. ʻO kekona ka nā minelala amorphous.

Eia kekahi, aia kekahi nā minelala hao a me nā mea hao ʻole. Mai ka mea ma mua, hiki ke kiʻi ʻia nā metala koʻikoʻi no ʻoihana, e like me ka hao, keleawe a kēpau paha; ua kapa ʻia ka hope he mau minelala petrogenetics, no ka mea pili lākou me nā minelala ʻē aʻe e hana ana i nā pōhaku, a he mau noi koʻikoʻi kā lākou, ʻoi aku no ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā mea o kūkulu, e like me ka lime a me ka sima.

Waiwai

He mea nui nā waiwai o nā minelala no kā lākou hoʻohana. Hoʻohui ʻia kēia mau mea i ʻekolu mau ʻano: geometric, kino a me kemika.

ʻO kēlā mau mea kūlana loa ka hoʻohana ʻana nā waiwai kino a me nā kemika, e hoʻopili ana i nā ʻano mechanical e like me ka paʻakikī a paʻakikī paha; opua e like me ka refringence a me ka electromagnetic e like conductivity a me ka ʻume mākenēki. Makemake paha ka Symmetry a i ʻole ka ʻōlinolino.