Anter
Pehea e loaʻa ai ka waiʻona etyl?
ʻO ka ke kiʻi ʻana i ka waiʻona ethyl a i ʻole ʻ etanol Loaʻa ia mai nā kumuwaiwai kūpono ʻelua; ʻo ka pākēneka ʻoi aku o kēia hana i loaʻa mai ka fermentation o nā mea kanu e like me ke kō.
Akā ʻaʻole hiki ke kiʻi wale i ka waiʻona ethyl mai ka sucrose o ke kō, hiki nō hoʻi ke kiʻi i kēia hui mai ke starch o ka palaoa a me ka cellulose o nā ululāʻau o nā lāʻau citrus. ʻO ka waiʻona ethyl i loaʻa mai kēia fermentation ua hui ʻia me ka penehika a hoʻohana ʻia me he wahie.
Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, a no ka hoʻohana ʻoihana, hoʻokō ʻia kēia hui e ka hydraly catalytic o ka ethylene. ʻO ka hope (e hele mai ana mai ka ethana a i ʻole ka aila) kahi kinoea kala ʻole, i hui ʻia me ka waikawa sulfuric ma ke ʻano he catalyst, hana i ka waiʻona ethyl. Ma ke ʻano he hopena o kēia synthes, loaʻa ka ethanol me ka wai. Ma hope pono ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe e pono.
Ke kiʻi ʻana i ka ethanol mai ke kō
Fermentation
ʻO ke kaʻina hana me ka fermenting (me ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā hū) nā molakeke kō. I kēia ala e pono ai ke fermented. ʻO ke ala e huki ai i ka waiʻona mai kēia pono ma o nā hanana distillation.
Hoʻopuka kēia fermentation i nā loli kemika i ke kō. Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia e ka hana a nā catalist biokimia i kapa ʻia ʻo nā enzymes. Hana ʻia kēia mau ʻenima e nā microorganism e like me nā ʻano fungi. ʻO ka mea i hoʻohana ʻia no kēia ʻano hana o ka ʻO Sacharomicies Servericiae, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi i ʻike ʻia me hū pia.
Pākuʻi ʻia ʻo Sulfuric acid, penicillin, amonium phosphate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, a me magnesium sulfate i ka hū a kēia mea hana pia. Mahalo i kēia kaʻina hana, mai hoʻokahi mole mole o sucrose, ʻehā (4) mau mole ʻona i loaʻa.
Loaʻa ka waina maʻemaʻe
Ma hope iho, hoʻohana ʻia nā pā centrifuges a me nā nīmi e huki i ka hū. Hoʻopuka kēia i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana ma ka lima hoʻokahi o nā hu. waina maʻemaʻe.
Kolamu Distillation
Ke komo ka waina maʻemaʻe i nā kolamu distillation, loaʻa nā huahana ʻelua; noho malie a me ka phlegm. ʻOiai ʻaʻohe ʻalekika ka malū, loaʻa i ka phlegm ka hui ʻana o nā wai ʻona. E hoʻomaʻemaʻe ka mea hope i nā kolamu e like me nā distillers akā i kapa ʻia nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe.
ʻO nā kolamu scrubber
Hoʻomaopopo kēia mau mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā wai ʻokoʻa e like me nā esters, aldehydes, ketones, a pēlā aku. Nā ʻono ʻono maikaʻi ʻo Ethyl Alcohols).
Ke kaʻina hana retrogradation
Mahalo i ke kaʻina hana retrogradation, kēia ʻAlekohola ʻono ʻino hoʻi lākou i ke kolamu. I kēia ala, noʻonoʻo lākou i ka phlegm i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia. He mea nui kēia phlegm i ke kolamu o ka rectifier; e noʻonoʻo hou i nā ʻalekope i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia.
Kolamu pololei
ʻO kēia kolamu hoʻoponopono hope loa e hoʻokaʻawale i nā wai ʻokoʻa. Pēlā, ma ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa ka wai a me nā wai ʻalekeke kiʻekiʻe; E ʻono nā ʻono ʻino a me nā alcohols isopropyl i ka hapa waena. ʻO ka hope, ma ka piko o ke kolamu, ka ʻono ʻono ʻoluʻolu maikaʻi me kahi pākēneka ma kahi o 96 °.
