Anter
ʻO ka ʻōnaehana Hoʻonohonoho ʻia lākou e kahi moʻo o nā mea pili, a nona ka hui e hoʻokō ai i hoʻokahi a i ʻole nā hana.
Kūpono kēia wehewehe ākea loa no nā ʻōnaehana kūlohelohe a me nā ʻōnaehana, no nā ʻōnaehana biolo a me nā pilikanaka e pili ana kanaka ʻepekema.
Hoʻokaʻawale pinepine ʻia lākou ma waenaʻōnaehana hāmama aʻōnaehana paʻa, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā mea i loulou i nā loulou me ka waho o nā mea i ʻike ʻia e ka hana me ka nānā ʻole i ke kaiapuni e hoʻopuni iā ia: ʻoiai ʻo ka wehewehe ʻana o kahi ʻōnaehana paʻa e pono ai ka loulou me ka waho i ʻole, i ka laulā ʻo ka mahele ka hana ʻia me ka mahalo inā he nui a liʻuliʻu paha ka hoʻololi.
Hiki iā ia ke lawelawe iā ʻoe:
- Nā laʻana o nā ʻōnaehana pani
- Nā laʻana o nā ʻōnaehana Open, Closed and Isolated
- Nā laʻana o nā ʻōnaehana Open, Closed a Semi-closed
ʻO ka ʻōnaehana hāmama, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ka poʻe nāna e hoʻololi i kahi nui o nā mea a me ka ikehu me ka waho. I ka hapanui o kēia mau hihia, kuleana kēia kūʻai no ka hana maʻamau o ka ʻōnaehana, a he mea hiki ʻole ke hoʻomau i ka hana me ka hiki ʻole ke hoʻololi i ka mea a i ʻole ka ikehu me ke kaiapuni.
ʻO nā waiwai o ke kino a me nā kemika o nā ʻōnaehana hāmama, ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻōnaehana paʻa, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī a paʻakikī e wehewehe.
ʻO kēia no ka mea, ʻokoʻa i ka hihia o nā ʻōnaehana inbred, hāmama nā ʻōnaehana o nā neʻe e pili ana i nā kumu i loaʻa ʻole i loko o ka ʻōnaehana ponoʻī. ʻO nā mea e like me ka mahana a i ʻole ke kaomi lewa, no ka laʻana, hele mai i ka pāʻani wale nō ke manaʻo ʻia e hoʻohuli ʻia ke ʻano o ka ʻōnaehana e nā mea kūwaho.
Ma ke kahua o helu, ua mālama ʻia ka manaʻo o nā ʻōnaehana i ke ala like e like me ka biology a me ka physics. I ka manawa a ka ʻōnaehana ʻike hoʻonohonoho ʻia i kahi ala e ʻae ai lākou i ka interoperability a me ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā kūlana hāmama (ʻo ia hoʻi, e loaʻa i ke kaiāulu holoʻokoʻa) i kapa ʻia he ʻōnaehana hāmama, ʻoiai ke kaohi ʻia i nā mea laikini, kāhea ʻia lākou ʻōnaehana paʻa.
ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, nā ʻōnaehana e ʻae i nā loli e kekahi mea hoʻohana e manaʻo ʻia he hāmama, ʻoiai nā mea i ʻae ʻole ia, ʻoiai nā hoʻololi āpau i ka ʻōnaehana e pono e hana ʻia e ka poʻe i loko o ia mea (ka hui hana) i kapa ʻia ua pani ʻia.
Nā laʻana o nā ʻōnaehana hāmama
E like me ka ʻenehana, he nui nā hoʻopaʻi i hoʻoili i ka hoʻohana o ka notion o ka hāmama a paʻa e like me ke kumumanaʻo o nā ʻōnaehana kino. E helu ʻia kekahi ʻōnaehana hāmama ma lalo, i nā hihia āpau:
- ʻO ke kele, no ka mea, he membrane semi-permeable ka mea e hoʻohua i ka hoʻololi me waho.
- A koʻohune.
- ʻO kahi mea kanu, i ke kaʻina o ka photosynthesis e kū nei i kahi kuapo kaulana o ka ikehu.
- ʻO kahi kahawai e like me ka muliwai, kahi e loaʻa ai nā tributaries a hoʻouna i nā papa ʻē aʻe.
- ʻO kēlā me kēia nā lālā a i ʻole nā ʻōnaehana o ke kino o ke kanaka hiki ke unuhi ʻia ma ke ʻano he ʻōnaehana hāmama
- ʻO ke kaiapuni, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia he ʻōnaehana paʻa inā paʻa mau ia i nā hoʻololi.
- ʻO nā holoholona āpau, ʻoiai lākou e hoʻololi i ka mea me ka waho.
- I ka hoʻolālā ʻana, a OS e like me Linux, hoʻokūkū Windows.
- Hiki ke unuhi ʻia kahi kūlanakauhale ma ke ʻano he ʻōnaehana hāmama, ʻoiai e kūkaʻa pono ia me ka honua i waho.
- ʻO nā ʻekekema nona ka manaʻo paʻa e kūʻai ʻia me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe i ʻike ʻia he hāmama, ʻoiai ʻo nā mea pale aku i ʻike ʻia he pani.
Hiki ke lawelawe iā ʻoe
- Nā laʻana o nā ʻōnaehana pani
- Nā laʻana o nā ʻōnaehana Open, Closed and Isolated
