Anter
Ma waena o nā hoʻohālikelike he nui i hiki ke hana e pili ana i nā kino, ʻo kekahi o nā mea maʻamau ka mea e ʻokoʻa ai iā lākou e like me ka pae o ke kukui a lākou e ʻae ai e hala ma mua o kā lākou kūlana ponoʻī.
Pehea ʻoe e wehewehe ai i kēia?
ʻO nā electrons he mau ʻāpana a puni ka nukelea o nā ʻoma a loaʻa nā pae ikehu ʻokoʻa. Hiki iā lākou ke pīhoihoi e nā fotona he mau ʻāpana māmā, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia me nā "pūʻolo ikehu". I kēia ala, ke paʻi nā fotona i kahi mea, komo lākou i kāna mea a hoʻonāukiuki i nā uila, e hoʻāʻo nei e hāʻawi i ka ikehu iā ia i mea e hele ai (a "lele" paha e like me kā lākou e ʻōlelo ai) pae uila.
ʻO ka ʻokoʻa, pololei, ke waiho nei i ka manawa a ka poʻe photona e hoʻāʻo ai e hala i ka ikehu: kūleʻa nā mea opaque a, no laila, "ʻai ʻia nā photona". ʻO ka hoʻoili o ka ikehu ka mea e wehewehe ai no ke aha e waiho ʻole ai nā mea i ka mālamalama, akā ʻoi aku ka wela o kēia ikehu: ma kēia ʻano like, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea ʻeleʻele e ʻono i nā photona ma mua o nā mea māmā. Ma ka ʻokoʻa, ke hiki mai i nā mea aniani moakaka, ʻaʻole hiki ke lele a lākou e komo ai a hiki i nā photons ke hele i waena o ka mea i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā uila hou e pīhoihoi.
ʻO ke ʻano o nā mea e pili ana i nā photons ʻaʻole ia he binomial a me nā phenomena e like me ke aniani o ke kukui (ka loli o ke ʻaoʻao i kū ma ka ʻaoʻao hoʻokaʻawale) a i ʻole ka refraction (ʻo ka hoʻololi i ka wikiwiki i ka hele ʻana i kahi meahana i kekahi).
Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ke ʻano o ka transparency a me ka opacity i ka hapanui o nā hihia i ka ikehu (a i ʻole ke alapine) o ke kukui i hāʻule ma luna o kahi mea. ʻO ka Aluminium, no ka laʻana, he opaque i ke ʻano o ke alapine o ke kukui i ʻike ʻia, akā akaka loa i ka pae alapine ultraviolet.
- E nānā pū: nā mea hana conductive
Nā laʻana o ka aniani moakaka
ʻO nā kino aniani ka mea e ʻae ai i nā kukui āpau e hāʻule ma luna o lākou. ʻO ka ikaika o ka mālamalama hanana e like loa me ka mea i lawe ʻia a wehewehe i ke kumu ʻaʻole pinepine lākou e wela.
- ʻO ka wai i kahi moku wai.
- Aniani
- Aniani puka
- Pepa palupalu
- Aniani Cork
Nā laʻana o ka translucent
ʻO nā kino translucent nā mea e hoʻomālamalama iki, akā ʻaʻole lawa e ʻike maopopo ai i ka mea ma hope o lākou. Aia lākou i kahi pae waena ma waena o ka aniani moakaka a me ka opaque.
- Aniani aniani
- Aniani hau
- ʻO ka pepa aniani '
- Daimana
- ʻAilā
- Nā mea inu e like me ka whiskey
- Ice
- ʻO kekahi lole lole
Nā laʻana o ka opaque
ʻO nā mea opaque nā mea i ʻae ʻole e hele i ka mālamalama a komo i nā mea āpau i loaʻa iā lākou. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea e launa pū ai ka poʻe, ʻo ia hoʻi nā mea i hana ʻia e ke kanaka, no kēia ʻano no ka mea ʻo nā mea e hana ai.
- Mīkini
- Palakiko
- Laau
- Mea hao
- Kāleka
- Līkaukau
- Kukena
- E hoʻomau me: Hoʻololi i ka mahana
