Anter
ʻO ka hoʻohiehie ʻO ia ka hōʻiliʻili o nā mea paʻa, i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā hana kūlohelohe a hoʻokolohua paha.
Hiki ke lawe ʻia nā mea like ʻole mai ka ʻaʻai pōhaku e nā ʻākena like ʻole (ka makani, ka wai, nā aniani) i kahi o lākou e waiho ai. ʻO ka waiho mau ʻana o nā mea, he hopena ka hōʻiliʻili, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka hoʻohiehie.
ʻO ka umekaumaha komo ia i nā kaʻina sedimentation, ʻoiai ʻo ia ka ikaika e kumu i nā mea, kau ʻia i ka makani a i ʻole ka wai, e hāʻule hou.
Eia nō naʻe, komo pū ka umekaumaha me nā ikaika ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka Kānāwai Stokes kuhikuhi aku e maʻalahi ka noho ʻana o nā hunaahi inā hui lākou i kekahi o kēia mau ʻano:
- ʻO ke anawaena nui o ka huna.
- ʻO ke kaupaona kikoʻī ʻoi o ka paʻa paʻa inā hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka wai i kāpae ʻia.
- ʻO ka viscosity lalo o ka wai waena. ʻO kēia ka laʻana, no ka laʻana, e noho wikiwiki kahi ʻāpana o ka nui like a me ka umekaumaha kikoʻī i ka wai ma mua o ka aila.
Kū ka sedimentation ke lilo ka ikehu i ka mea nāna i lawe i nā mea. ʻO kahi laʻana, ke kū ka makani a hōʻemi paha ke kahe o kahi kahawai.
Kāhea ʻia ka hōʻiliʻili o kahi mea hou i ka hōʻiliʻili o kahi mea ʻē aʻe stratification a he ʻano sedimentation ia.
Aia kekahi mau wahi kikoʻī ma ka ʻili o ka honua kahi e hōʻiliʻili ai nā sediment, ma muli o kā lākou ʻano ʻāina. Kāhea ʻia kēia mau wahi pāpāho sedimentary a i ʻole nā ʻaoʻao sedimentary a ʻokoʻa i nā wahi kokoke, nā ʻano o ke kino, nā kemika a me nā meaola. Hiki i ka pāpāho sedimentary ke noho Continental, transitional, a i ʻole ke kai.
Ma waho o ke ʻano he hanana kūlohelohe, hiki ke hana kope 'ia ka sedimentation. Ke hana ʻia ma lalo o nā keʻena hoʻokolohua hiki ke kāhea ʻia decantation, a pili i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā huna liʻiliʻi i ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kaupaona ma mua o ka waena wai.
Nā laʻana o ka sedimentation
- Hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai (sedimentation ʻimi hoʻopunipuni): Hoʻokumu ʻia ia ma ke kānāwai o Stokes, ʻo ia ke kumu e hoʻāʻo ai e hoʻonui i ke anawaena o nā mea i kau ʻia i loko o ka wai, e hui pū kekahi me kekahi. Loaʻa kēia i ke aloha i ka coagulation a me nā kaʻina hana flotation (i kū maoli i ke koko akā hana ʻia i loko o ka wai).
- Lapaʻau sewage (sedimentation hamani): Ke mea paʻa, meaola a i ʻole ʻole, mai ka wai. Hiki i ke kaʻina sedimentation ke hoʻoliʻiliʻi ma waena o 40 a 60% o nā paʻa paʻa.
- Pahele one (sedimentation ʻimi hoʻopunipuni): Aia kahi sedimentation i kapa ʻia he discrete a granular paha. Kuhi kēia i nā ʻāpana e like me nā anakahi, me ka launa ʻole ʻana o kekahi me kekahi (i kū ʻole i ka coagulation).
- Alluvium: ʻAno sedimentary medium. Lawe ʻia nā mea paʻa a waiho ʻia e kahi kahawai. ʻO kēia mau mea paʻa (ʻo ia ke one, ka ʻiliʻili, ka pālolo a i ʻole ka silt), hōʻiliʻili ʻia i nā moena o ka muliwai, ma nā pāpū kahi i hiki mai ai kahi kahawai a i ʻole nā delta.
- Puʻu: hoʻoliʻiliʻi makani (environment sedimentary Continental). ʻO ke kuahiwi ka hōʻiliʻili o ke one ma muli o ka hana a ka makani. Hiki iā lākou ke piʻi i nā kiʻekiʻe o 15 mau mika.
- Nā mokupuni sedimentary: Hāpai nā kahawai i nā mea paʻa i kāwele ʻia i ka wai, akā ʻoiai ʻaʻole kahe mau i ka wikiwiki like, hiki ke waiho i nā mea paʻa i kekahi mau wahi, e hana ana i nā mokupuni. ʻO lākou nā ʻāpana o ka delta akā hiki nō ke noho ma kahi lōʻihi mai ka waha o nā kahawai.
- Moraines (Continental glacial sedimentation): ʻO ka moraine ka hōʻiliʻili o ka sediment i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka glacier. No ka mea ʻaʻole ka hapanui o nā hau hau mai nā glaciations, hiki ke loaʻa nā moraines i nā awāwa i hana ʻia e nā glacier ʻaʻole ma laila.
- Nā pali kālaihonua (kai sedimentary environment): He hōʻiliʻili lākou o nā sediment i kūkulu ʻia e ka pilina o kekahi mau meaola me ko lākou kaiapuni. Kākoʻo ʻia lākou e kahi papa. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻo nā koʻa koʻa ka hōʻiliʻili o nā ʻākoʻako a me nā limu calcareous e ulu aʻe ma luna o kekahi.
- Delta (transitional sedimentary medium): ʻO ia ka waha o kahi muliwai kahi i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kumu i nā lima he nui e kaʻawale a hui hou, e hana ana i nā mokupuni a me nā kahawai. Ke hoʻokumu ʻia nā mokupuni e ke kaʻina sedimentation, wehe ka wai i nā ala hou e hoʻomau i kāna ala, e hana ana i nā lima a me nā kahawai hou.
- Nā pali (kai sedimentary environment): He mau hiʻohiʻona ʻāina lākou i waena o 200 a me 4000 mau mika ma lalo o ka pae kai. Hoʻokumu ʻia lākou e ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana o nā mea paʻa i lawe ʻia mai nā ʻāina, mahalo i ka ikaika o nā kai kai. Hana kēia mau mea i nā awāwa, nā mauna, a me nā kahawai. ʻO lākou maʻamau i ke ʻano o kahi pā sloping, i nā mokulele e like me nā ʻanuʻu.
