Nā Huina Organic a me Inorganic

Anter

• Nā laʻana o nā mea hoʻohui ʻokanika
• Nā laʻana o nā mea hoʻohui ʻole

ʻO ka nā mea hoʻohui kemika he mau mea i hana ʻia i ʻelua a ʻoi paha kumumanaʻo pili pū kekahi me kekahi, no laila e hoʻonui ana i kahi mea hou a ʻokoʻa loa hoʻi. Wahi a ʻano ʻĀtoma i hana i kēia mau hui, hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo no nā mea hoʻohui a me nā inorganic compound:

Ua inoa nā mea hoʻohui ʻokanika kēlā mau mea i loaʻa ka hapanui o nā kalapona a me nā hydrogen, i ka hoʻopili a me ka hoʻohui me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ka hikina ʻano hoʻohuihui loaʻa nā paʻa covalent (ma waena o nā ʻāpana non-metallic) o kekahi mau mea (mai ʻelua a ʻelima) a he paʻakikī nui lākou, aia ma kahi o 10 miliona mau hui o kēia ʻano. Hāpai lākou i ke ola a hūnā ʻia e nā mea ola.

ʻO ka nā mea hoʻohui ʻole, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻohe maʻa mau o nā ʻāpana kalapona, a i ʻole nā ​​paʻa hydrogen-carbon (ʻano like o ka ʻāpana uila), a hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ko lākou mau ʻoma nā paʻa ionic (metallic and non-metallic atom) a i ʻole covalent. Aia nā mea pono hiki ke loaʻa i nā mea he nui mai kekahi kumu ma ka papa manawa a nā alakaʻi uila maikaʻi.

Nā laʻana o nā mea hoʻohui ʻokanika

1. ʻO Methanol (CH₃OH). ʻIke ʻia he lāʻau a i ʻole ʻalekoh methyl, ʻo ka wai ʻona maʻalahi loa.
2. Propanone (C₃H₆A I OLE). ʻO ka acetone hoʻoheheʻe maʻamau, lapalapa a aniani, me kahi ʻano pilau.
3. ʻO Acetylene (C₂H₂). Kāhea ʻia hoʻi ʻo ethyne, he gas alkyne ʻoi aku ka māmā ma mua o ka lewa a me ke kala ʻole, wela nui.
4. ʻO Ethyl ethanoate (CH₃-COO-C₂H₅). ʻIke pū ʻia me ka ethyl acetate a i ʻole ka winika ether, i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he solvent.
5. Formol (CH₂0). Hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he preservative o nā mea olaola (nā laʻana, nā kupapaʻu), ʻike ʻia ʻo ia ʻo methanal a i ʻole formaldehyde.
6. ʻO Glycerin (C₃H₈A I OLE₃). ʻO Glycerol a propanetriol paha, kahi huahana waena o ka fermentation hana ʻona a me digestive o lipids.
7. ʻO Glucose (C₆H₁₂A I OLE₆). ʻO ke anakahi o ka ikehu i nā mea ola he kō kōkō.
8. ʻO Ethanol (C₂H₆A I OLE). ʻO ka waiʻona Ethyl, i loko o nā mea inu ʻona, ka hopena o ka fermentation anaerobic o nā kō me ka hū.
9. Isopropanol (C₃H₈A I OLE). ʻO ka waiʻona Isopropyl, kahi isomer o propanol, lilo i acetone ma luna o ka oxidation.
10. ʻAkika acsallsalicylic (C₉H₈A I OLE₄). ʻO ka hui hana o aspirin: analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory.
11. ʻO Sucrose (C₁₂H₂₂A I OLE₁₁). ʻO ka mea maʻamau o ka ʻākoʻakoʻa: kō kōpaʻa.
12. ʻO Fructose (C₆H₁₂A I OLE₆). Mālama ka kō hua i kahi pilina isomeric me ka glucose.
13. Cellulose (C₆H₁₀A I OLE₅). ʻO ka hui nui o nā mea kanu, lawelawe ia ma ke ʻano he mea i ka paia o nā mea kanu a me kahi mālama mālama.
14. ʻO Nitroglycerin (C₃H₅N₃A I OLE₉). ʻO kahi pahū ikaika, loaʻa iā ia e ka hoʻohuihui ʻia ʻana o ka nitric acid, sulfuric acid a me glycerin.
15. Lactic acid (C₃H₆A I OLE₃). Pono i nā hana hoʻoikaika o ke kino o ke kanaka i mua o ka haʻahaʻa o ka oxygen, ka hana ʻana o ka glucose ma o ka fermentation lactic.
16. ʻO Benzocaine (C₉H₁₁AʻOLE₂). Hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he anesthetic kūloko, ʻoiai ʻo kona hoʻohana ʻana i nā pēpē he hopena lua o ka toxicity kiʻekiʻe.
17. Lidocaine (C₁₄H₂₂N₂A I OLE). Kekahi anesthetic, hoʻohana ākea i ka dentistry a ma ke ʻano he antiarrhythmic.
18. ʻO Lactose (C₁₂H₂₂A I OLE₁₁). Hana ʻia mai ka galactose a me ka glucose, ʻo ke kō e hāʻawi i ka waiū holoholona i kāna ukana ikehu.
19. ʻO Cocaine (C₁₇H₂₁AʻOLE₄). ʻO kahi alkaloid mana i kiʻi ʻia mai ka mea kanu coca a synthesized e hana i kahi lāʻau kū ʻole i ke kānāwai o ka inoa like.
20. ʻAkika Ascorbic (C₆H₈A I OLE₆). ʻIke pū ʻia me ka mea nui wikamina C o nā hua citrus.

Hiki iā ia ke lawelawe iā ʻoe: Nā laʻana o nā ʻōpala ʻokanika

Nā laʻana o nā mea hoʻohui ʻole

1. ʻO Sodium Chloride (NaCl). ʻO ka paʻakai maʻamau o kā mākou papaʻai.
2. ʻO Hydrochloric acid (HCl). ʻO kekahi o nā mea mana loa ʻakika ʻike ʻia, ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea i hūnā ʻia e ka ʻōpū e ʻeli i ka meaʻai.
3. ʻAkika phosphoric (H₃PO₄). ʻO kahi waikawa reactive o ka wai, kūpaʻa i ka hoʻowaiwai, evaporation a me ka hōʻemi, hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻoihana inu palupalu.
4. ʻAkika sulfuric (H₂SW₄). ʻO kekahi o nā corrosives nui loa i ʻike ʻia, hoʻohana ākea ʻia ia i nā ʻano hana like ʻole a hana ʻia i nā nui i ka honua.
5. Potassium iodide (KI). Hoʻohana ākea kēia paʻakai i ka paʻi kiʻi ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka radiation.
6. Potassium dichromate (K₂Cr₂A I OLE₇). ʻO ka paʻakai ʻalani, hoʻowali ʻia ʻoi loa, hiki ke hana i ke ahi ke hoʻopili aku me nā meaola.
7. ʻO ka chloride kala (AgCl). Hoʻohana ākea i ka electrochemistry a me nā keʻena hoʻokolohua, ma muli o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka wai, he crystalline paʻa ia.
8. ʻAmonia (NH₃). Kāhea ʻia hoʻi ʻo azano a i ʻole gas ʻoniʻoni, he kinoea kala ʻole ia i waiwai ʻia me ka nitrogen me kahi ʻala hoʻopailua.
9. Kupulau kīʻaha (Cu₂SW₄). ʻO kahi paʻakai hiki ʻole ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he disinfectant a me ke kala no nā papa hao.
10. ʻO ke kinona silicon (SiO₂). Kāhea ʻia ʻo silica, hana ʻia ka quartz a me ka opal, a ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea o ke one.
11. ʻO ka hao hao hao (FeSO₄). ʻIke ʻia he vitriol ʻōmaʻomaʻo, melanterite a i ʻole caparrosa ʻōmaʻomaʻo, he paʻakai polū-ʻōmaʻomaʻo i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he colorant a ma ke ʻano he lapaʻau no kekahi anemias.
12. Kalepona Kalepona (CaCO₃). Hoʻohana lōʻihi ʻia ma ke ʻano he antacid a i loko o ke aniani a me ka ʻoihana sima, he waiwai nui ia i ke ʻano, e like me nā pōhaku a i ʻole nā ​​pūpū a me nā exoskeletons o kekahi mau holoholona.
13. Lime (CaO). ʻO ia ka calcium oxide i kekahi o kāna ʻano, hoʻohana ākea ʻia i nā hui kūkulu me he mea hoʻopaʻa.
14. Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃). Aia i loko o nā mea kinai ahi a i ʻole nā ​​huahanaʻai a me nā huahana lāʻau, he pH alkaline loa kona.
15. ʻO ka potassium hydroxide (KOH). ʻO ka potassium soda, hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā kopa a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻē aʻe.
16. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Kāhea ʻia ka soda caustic a i ʻole ka soda caustic, hoʻohana ʻia ia i ka pepa, ka lole a me ka detergent a hoʻoheheʻe i nā ʻoihana wehe.
17. Amoniuma nitrate (NH₄AʻOLE₃). He mea hoʻomomona mahiʻai.
18. ʻO Cobalt Silicate (CoSiO₃). Hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā pigment (e like me ka cobalt blue).
19. Makanekiuma sulfate (MgSO₄). ʻO ka paʻakai ʻo Epsom a i ʻole ka paʻakai Pelekania, ke hoʻohui i ka wai. Loaʻa iā ia nā hoʻohana olakino he nui, ʻoi aku ka muscular, a i ʻole me nā paʻakai ʻauʻau.
20. ʻO Barium chloride (BaCl₂). ʻO kahi paʻakai kolohe loa i hoʻohana ʻia i nā pigment, nā hana kila, a me nā ahi.