Nā mea hoʻohui

Anter

• Nā ʻano o nā pono hoʻohui
• Nā laʻana o nā mea hoʻohui

ʻO kanā mea hoʻohui ʻo ia nā mea i hana ʻia i ʻelua a ʻoi mau mea ʻokoʻa a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻona, nona ka hui ʻana e hāʻawi i ka hopena i nā ʻano hui o kāna mau ʻāpana, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā mea ʻelua i ka manawa like.

ʻAe kēia i kahi koho kikoʻī o nā mea e loaʻa ai nā mea i hāʻawi ʻia me nā ʻano maʻamau ʻole e pili ana i ka ʻoʻoleʻa, ka māmā, ke kūpaʻa, conduction o ka uila, kūpaʻa kūpaʻa, etc.

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea hui pū hana hamani ʻia e ke kanaka, ʻoiai paha aia kekahi i ke kūlohelohe, huahana o ka evolution o ka mea ola. A i nā manawa he nui nā mea paʻa e pono ai ka pilina kemika o kā lākou mau mea.

Ma nā ʻōlelo laulā, ʻike ʻia nā mea ahupapa e:

• ʻO ia o ʻelua a ʻoi ʻokoʻa ʻike kino a hoʻokaʻawale ʻenekini hoʻi.
• Hōʻike i nā ʻāpana kemika ʻē aʻe (element), ʻaʻole hiki ke wehe ʻia i waena o lākou iho a hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e kahi pae waena a i ʻole ke kikowaena.
• Loaʻa iā synergy kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kāna mau ʻenehana i ka huina maʻalahi o kēlā me kēia ʻāpana ʻokoʻa.
• E hoʻokaʻawale mai nā mea polyphase, e like me nā mea hao hao, kahi e hiki ai ke hoʻololi i nā pae i loaʻa e ka loli wela (wela).
• Loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi mea hoʻoikaika (kahi pae i hoʻohui ʻia) a me kahi matrix (ʻāpana hoʻoikaika).

Nā ʻano o nā pono hoʻohui

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā ʻano mea hoʻohui like:

• Nā ʻĀpana Hoʻoikaika Particle. Hoʻopuehu ʻia i loko o kahi moʻoala palupalu a kālailai, hoʻokaʻawale a hoʻopili like ʻia nā ʻāpana o kahi mea paʻakikī a maʻalahi.
• Hoʻohaha Hoʻohālikelike Hoʻohui. Hāʻawi lākou i nā hunaʻi o nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi loa, hoʻopuehu ʻia i ka matrix kumu.
• Puluniu-hoʻoikaika ikaika mea. Hoʻopili pinepine kēia mau mea i nā olonā kūpale i ka matrix i hana mau ʻia i ka resin e uhi ana i nā olonā, e hoʻoili ana i ka ukana mai nā olonā naha i nā mea paʻa a loaʻa i ke kūʻē kūʻē.
• Nā mea hana hoʻohui struktural. Hana ʻia i nā mea maʻalahi a me nā mea laulima, maʻamau ka laminar (sandwich) e like me nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia i ke kūkulu ʻana, e hoʻohui i nā waiwai o nā mea ʻelua i ka paia like.

Hiki iā ia ke lawelawe iā ʻoe: Nā laʻana o nā Pono Pono a me nā Pono

Nā laʻana o nā mea hoʻohui

1. ʻO Cermet. Conjunction o ka pālolo a me ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia, ua hoʻolālā ʻia lākou e kū i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe a kū i ka abrasion, e like me nā keramika, akā ʻoliʻoli i ka malleability o nā metala. ʻO ka maʻa mau o kēia mau mea he metala (nickel, molybdenum, cobalt) a me ka pae hoʻoikaika e ʻākoʻakoʻa nā refractories (oxides, albumin, borides) ʻano like o nā pālolo. ʻAe kēia i ka hana ʻana i nā mea hana ʻoki e hoʻohui i ka paʻakikī me ke kila kila a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke ola., ʻo ia hoʻi nā hanana hou e pili ana i ka titanium a me ka cobalt.
2. Nacre. ʻO kēia kahi laʻana o kahi mea hoʻohui o ke kumu kūlohelohe, me ka ʻole o ke kāne. He mea paʻakikī, keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo-ʻokanika a me nā aniani iridescent, kahi e hana ai i ka papa o loko o ka iwi o nā mollusks he nui, e like me ka makuahine o ka momi. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, hiki i kēia mau holoholona ke hūnā i kēia kāwili ʻana o ka calcium carbonate a me nā biopolymers e hoʻoponopono i ko lākou pūpū a i ʻole hoʻopuni i nā impurities a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana microbial e komo i loko, no laila e ulu ana nā momi..
3. Pāholo. Kapa ʻia ʻo multilaminate, plywood, plywood a i ʻole plywood, He papa ia o nā ʻāpana lahilahi o nā lāʻau i hoʻopili ʻia i kekahi i kekahi me kā lākou mau olonā i kahi hoʻonohonoho transverse, e hoʻohana ana i nā resins synthetic, kaomi a me ka wela.. Hoʻopili ʻia ia me ka waikawa sulfuric ma hope o ka ʻaʻala ʻole, kahi i loaʻa polymers a me nā benzenes a pono kūpono i ke kūkulu ʻana.
4. Adobe Kāhea ʻia nā pōhaku lepo kuni ʻole pēlā, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā hoʻopihapiha no ke kūkulu ʻana, hana ʻia i ka pālolo a me ke one a i ʻole nā ​​lehulehu o ka lepo, i kāwili ʻia me ka mauʻu a hoʻomaloʻo ʻia i ka lā. Hoʻohana ʻia ia mai ka wā kahiko e hana i nā paia a me nā kūkulu mua, maʻamau i ke ʻano o nā pōhaku lepo (huinahā). ʻOiai maikaʻi loa insulator pumehana, huki ʻo adobe i ka nui o ka wai e capillarity, e nalowale ana i kona paʻakikī, no laila pono e kau ʻia ma kahi kumu wai-repeal o nā pōhaku a i ʻole, i kēia manawa.
5. Pōhaku. Kapa ʻia ʻo "pōhaku paʻa", ʻo ia nā mea hoʻohui i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ke kūkulu ʻana i ka manawa like. he hui o nā mea like ʻole: sima, one, ʻiliʻili a i ʻole ka ʻiliʻili, a me ka wai. Me kēia hui, loaʻa kahi hui like e hoʻopili a paʻakikī i loko o kekahi mau hola a hiki i ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi kūlike pōhaku.. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā hana ʻenehana kīwila e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pōhaku paʻa.
6. Papa Kuhikuhina Kaha. Kāhea ʻia ʻo OSB (Papa Kuhikuhina Kaha i ka ʻōlelo Pelekania), he ʻano papa conglomerate lākou, kahi ulu o ka plywood, no ka mea ma kahi o ka hui ʻana i mau lau lāʻau, hana ʻia me i kekahi mau papa o ka ʻumi ʻana a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana lāʻau i kū i ke ʻano like, no laila e loaʻa ana i kahi mea like like mai nā phenolic resins a i ʻole polyurethane, formaldehyde a melamine paha. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea hoʻohui ʻē aʻe i mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ke kūʻē ʻana i ke ahi, ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa a i ʻole ke kipaku ʻana i nā mea kolo.
7. ʻO Pykrete. Hana ʻia kēia mea hoʻohui me 14% sawdust a i ʻole kekahi pulp lāʻau ʻokanika ʻē aʻe, i kahi 86% hau matrix. ʻO kona inoa i hele mai mai kāna mea haku, ʻo Geoffrey Pyke, nāna i noi iā ia i ka Royal British Navy e hana i nā mea lawe mokulele paʻakikī. He paʻakikī ʻo Pykrete kokoke i ka pōhaku paʻa, papa kuhikuhi hoʻoheheʻe haʻahaʻa a me ke kūpaʻa nui i nā haunaele..
8. Palaka hoʻoikaika aniani. ʻIke ʻia ʻo GFRP (Lula aniani-puluniu hoʻoikaika ikaika i ka ʻōlelo Pelekania), He mea hui ia e hana i kahi plastic a i ʻole resin matrix, i hoʻoikaika ʻia me nā olonā aniani. ʻO ka hopena he māmā, ikaika, maʻalahi i ka hopena, i kapa pinepine ʻia ʻo "fiberglass.". Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana, i ka ʻoihana moku kai a me ke kelepona, a ʻo ka ʻāpana kūkulu hoʻi.
9. Pōhaku puna. Hoʻohana ākea ʻia i ke ana ʻana o nā alanui a i ʻole nā ​​ala nui, pōhaku asphalt Aia ia i kahi hui o ka aspphalt a me nā mineral i hōʻiliʻili ʻia o nā ʻano like ʻole, e loaʻa ai kahi pākuʻi like a me ka bituminous e, ke hoʻopili ʻia me ka wela, paʻakikī a paʻa wai ʻole, e hana ana i mea pono no nā hana lehulehu o ke kūlanakauhale.
10. Iwi. ʻO kekahi laʻana o nā mea hoʻohui i ke kūlohelohe nā iwi, i hana ʻia i loko o nā holoholona kiʻekiʻe aʻe e kahi iwi iwi i hoʻoikaika ʻia e nā fibre collagen, kahi polokina e hāʻawi iā ia i kona kūʻē kūlohelohe, mahalo i ka puna a kahi i mineralized ai kāna ʻano.. Loaʻa kēia i kahi mea paʻakikī, palupalu, akā māmā.