I ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ke kumu o nā pōhaku, ʻIke ʻia nā pōhaku Igneous e like me nā mea i hana ʻia mai ka ʻoluʻolu a me ka paʻa ʻana o nā mea pōhaku i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka magma: pili ka hānau ʻana o ka huaʻōlelo iā 'ignis ' ka mea i ke ahi ʻōlelo Lākina.
E like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia, loaʻa ka magma ma ka hohonu o nā papa o loko o ka honua a me ka hapa nui, me ke komo nui ʻana i nā lua pele ʻeleu a me kā lākou mau pele. ʻO kēia hoʻohālikelike ka mea e hoʻonāukiuki i ka hoʻokaʻawale ma waena pōhaku igneous intrusive a extrusive, kahi e hōʻike ai i kā lākou mau kūlana ponoʻī e pili ana i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa.
ʻO ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka magma i pōhaku kahi hana o ka nalo ʻana o ka mahana, akā loaʻa pū kekahi i loko o ka nui o nā aniani ke hana i ka pōhaku. ʻOiaʻiʻo, decomposes ka pele a me nā aniani ke hāʻawi i nā ʻano ʻokoʻa e loaʻa i kēlā me kēia pōhaku. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā pōhaku intrusive (i kapa ʻia hoʻi ʻo plutonic) a me nā pōhaku extrusive (a i ʻole ka lua pele) i hōʻike nui ʻia ma aneʻi, ʻoiai ua hana ka mea mua i kahi hana hoʻoluʻu lohi ma mua o ka hope, ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe loa o nā mahana a lākou e haʻalele ʻole ai. E wehe ʻia. ʻO ka nā minelala maikaʻi, i ka laulā, ʻo lākou nā huahana o ka decomposition o ka magma i kahi ala wikiwiki a extrusive.
ʻO ka nā minelala feldspar ʻo lākou ka mea e hana i ka nui o nā pōhaku igneous āpau, e waiho ana i ka quartz i ka lua. ʻO kekahi o nā hoʻohālikelike ma waena o kēia ʻano o nā pōhaku e kū mai ana mai ka ʻikepili silikona i loaʻa i kēlā me kēia o lākou, mai nā mea kumu me ka ʻikepili silikone haʻahaʻa (ʻoi aku ma mua o 45%) a i nā waikawa (me ka silica 63%).
Aia i ka papa inoa aʻe nā laʻana o nā pōhaku igneous, me kahi kiʻi paʻi a me kahi ʻano pōkole o kēlā me kēia.
- Pohaku: ka pōhaku keʻokeʻo o ke kumu intrusive, i haku ʻia i kahi mea i ʻoi aku ma mua o 50% o nā feldspars, hiki ke hāʻawi iā ia i kahi leo ʻulaʻula a me nā ʻiʻo kikokiko. Hoʻohana ʻia ia i ke kūkulu alanui.
- ʻO Granodiorite: he plutonic ia, a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o kāna ʻike feldspar ma mua o ka granite. I ka ʻenehana ua manaʻo ʻia he granite.
- ʻO Greenstone: pū kekahi, like i ke ʻano me ka granite akā me ka liʻiliʻi o ka quartz ʻike. Hoʻohana ʻia ia i ke kūkulu ʻana, e like me ka hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻana o nā diorite grinds i ka aspphalt.
- ʻO Syenite: E like me ka diorite i ke ʻano a like me ka granite i ke ʻano, he kala hina me nā kiko ʻeleʻele a ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha.
- ʻO Gabbro: ʻEleʻele i ke kala, komo pū kekahi ia a ʻaʻohe quartz. Hana ʻia ia i nā minelala he nui, e like me hornblende a me apatite.
- Peridotite: Pōhaku komo, hana ʻia ma kahi o ka olivine pro. ʻEleʻele loa, e hōʻike nei i nā feldspars.
- Rhyolite: Extrusive, hoʻokumu ʻia e ka magma waiwai i ka silica e viscous ia. Aia nā aniani i nā feldspars, quartz, a me ka mika kekahi. Hinahina hina i ʻulaʻula.
- Dacite: He luaipele kekahi. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka silica a me ka hao, me kahi hui waena ma waena o andesite a me rhyolite.
- Andesite: Ka pōhaku Extrusive, i haku ʻia me ka biotite, quartz, magnetite a me sphene. Loaʻa iā ia kahi ʻano microlithic a hana ʻia i loko o nā minelala e like me ka hornblende.
- Basalt: ʻO nā mea kiʻekiʻe o ka hao, i haku ʻia ma ka hapanui o ka olivine, a ma nā mea liʻiliʻi he feldspar a me ka quartz. ʻO ia ka pōhaku extrusive ʻoi loa i ka honua.
- ʻO Obsidian: Pōhaku Extrusive. ʻO ka huahana silicon dioxide e hana ʻia ke hoʻopili ka magma me ka wai. ʻO ke kala ma waena o ʻeleʻele a me ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
- Komatite: Eia kekahi extrusive, uncommon ke hana ʻia me ka magma wela loa. ʻIke like ʻo Komatite i ka wai, a ʻaʻohe kūlana kūpono o ka honua no kēia pōhaku e hana ai.
- Pumice: Mālamalama i ʻeleʻele hina i ke kala, me kahi ʻano kolohe e kūpono ai no nā mea hoʻonani.
- Wao kanaka: Pōhaku Extrusive, ʻulaʻula ʻeleʻele i ʻeleʻele. Hana ʻia e ka pele waiwai i nā kinoea, akā ʻaʻohe ona nui o ka hoʻohana.
- ʻO Porphyries: E like me ka granite, no laila hoʻohana ʻia ia i nā hoʻohana like. Hoʻokumu nui ʻia ka nui o nā crystals micro e nā minelala ferromagnesian.
- Trachyte: He extrusive ia, a hana ʻia ia mai nā magmas waena, ka mea nui e nā feldspars a me nā minelala ferromagnesian.
- Pegmatite: ʻO ka pōhaku igneous grained-grained, i hana ʻia e nā aniani i hoʻopili ʻia ma mua o hoʻokahi kenimika ke anawaena.
- Kuapo: Hana ʻia e ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā ʻāpana pōhaku, i hoʻoili ʻia i ka wā o nā luaʻi pele. He ʻano kona i kapa ʻia ʻo pyroclastic.
- Anorthosite: Pōhaku Plutonic o kahi ʻano kumu, a ma kahi hoʻi o ka mahina.
- Monzonite: Pōhaku komo, o ke kala māmā e ʻike pinepine ʻia ma nā wahi o nā poʻe like o ke ʻano like.
