10 Nā Laʻana o ka Energies Alternative - 'Ōuli

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Hoʻokaʻina o nā ikehu koho
Nā laʻana o ka ikaika ʻokoʻa

ʻO kaikaika ikehu a i ʻole, i ʻōlelo kūpono ʻia, nā kumuwaiwai koho ʻē aʻe kēlā mau ʻenehana a me nā kaʻina hana i manaʻo ʻia e kiʻi i ka ikehu hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma mua o nā mea i manaʻo ʻia he papa a kuʻuna paha, e like me ka puhi ʻana wahie kākāhiko (ʻaila, lānahu, ʻaila kūlohelohe).

ʻO ka hope, hoʻomohala ʻia mai ka Revolution Revolution, ʻo ia nō ka mea i hoʻohana ākea ʻia ma ka honua, akā ma muli o nā hopena o ke kaiapuni a me ka paʻa ʻole o kāna mākeke mea maka, ke alualu ʻia ka hiki ke hoʻomohala i nā ʻoi aku ka palekana, ʻoi aku ka hilinaʻi a me ka hoʻokele waiwai. ʻO kēia mau mea, ma kēlā ʻano, he ʻokoʻa ikehu.

ʻAʻohe manaʻo lōkahi e pili ana i nā ʻano hana e loaʻa ai ka ikehu e hana i kēia mahele o "nā mea ʻē aʻe", ʻoiai hoʻohana kekahi i ka huaʻōlelo ma ke ʻano he synonym no ka ikehuola a i ʻole ka ikehu "ʻōmaʻomaʻo"ʻoiai ʻike kekahi i ka lawa o ka ʻokoʻa i ka wahie fossil e kuni ana, e like me mana uila nalu ikehu nukelea.

Kēlā kau kū mai i nā makahiki 70, ke hopohopo kaiapuni a me nā hōʻike o ka hopena ʻenehana ma ka honua a me ka hoʻololi o ka nā kaiaolaola Ua hoʻomaka nā holoholona a me nā mea ulu i mea maopopo i ke kanaka.

Hoʻokaʻina o nā ikehu koho

Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kumuwaiwai ʻē aʻe, i ʻelua ʻōlelo:

Nā kumuwaiwai ikehu hou a paʻa paha. ʻO nā kumuwaiwai hōʻano hou nā mea e hoʻohana i nā mea pau ʻole a i ʻole nā waiwai i hāʻawi ʻia i ke kūlohelohe, me ka hopena liʻiliʻi i ke kaiapuni a i ʻole ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea i hāʻawi ʻia i ke kaiaola. Loaʻa iā lākou ka hemahema o ka hana ʻole ʻana.
Nā kumu ikehu ʻoma. I loko o kēia mahele ʻokoʻa ka ikehu nukelea i hoʻopaʻapaʻa, e hōʻike nei i kahi hihia paʻakikī, ʻoiai e hoʻohana pono ʻia ia kumuwaiwai nonrenewable (ʻĀtoma hopena mea e like me ka uranium) a kū pū kekahi i nā pōʻino o ke kaiapuni, e like me ka hoʻolei ʻia ʻana o ka neoneo radioactive a me nā ulia pōpilikia hiki i nā mea kanu. Eia nō naʻe, hilinaʻi ia a ʻoi aku ka hopena o ka hopena o ke aniau ma mua o ka hoʻā ʻana o nā hydrocarbons.

Nā laʻana o ka ikaika ʻokoʻa

Ikehu nukelea fission. ʻO kekahi o nā ʻano ʻelua o ka ikehu atomika i ʻike ʻia e ke kanaka, aia i ka hoʻokaʻawale a i ʻole ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka atoma o kahi mea kaumaha e like me ka uranium. Hana kēia i kahi hopena kaulahao e hoʻokuʻu i nā nui he nui o ikehu ikehu a me ka pāhawewe, a me nā mea weliweli e like me plutonium; akā hiki ke hoʻohana pono ʻia ia mea e hoʻolapalapa i ka wai nona ka mahu e hoʻāla i nā uila uila a hana i ka uila. ʻO kēia ʻano, akā ma waho o ka kaohi, ka hopena o nā pōkā atomika i nā kūlanakauhale Kepani o Hiroshima a me Nagasaki i ka makahiki 1945.
Ikehu hoʻohui nukelea. ʻO ka lua o nā ʻano nukleona i ʻike ʻia ka mea i hoʻohana ʻia e hana i ka weliweli H-bomb a i ʻole bomb hydrogen. Lawe ʻia kēia e kahi ʻano hana i kūlike ʻole i ka fission, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka hoʻohui ʻana o ʻelua ʻoma i kahi māmā e like me hydrogen, e hoʻokuʻu ana i nā ikehu hou aku a me nā radiation, a me nā mea e hana ana i nā mea kaumaha e like me ka helium. Ua like ia me ke kaʻina e hana ʻia ma loko o nā hōkū i ka lani.
Mana makani. Hele pū ka ikehu makani me ke kanaka mai ka wā kahiko. E hoʻohana ka manaʻo i ka puhi a ka makani i nā wahi kahi ikaika a paʻa mau ia, ma o kahi ʻōnaehana o nā pahi a laila pili i kahi mea hana uila. No laila, hoʻololi ʻia ka ikehu mīkini o ka makani i ikehu hiki a laila uila. Akā ʻoiai, haʻahaʻa nā mea i hana ʻia a no laila nele i ka hiki ke hoʻolako i nā kūlanakauhale nui nui.
Ikehu Geothermal. E like me ka inoa e hōʻike nei, hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻano ikehu i ka wela i hoʻoulu ʻia e ka honua ponoʻī, ka mea, nona ka puʻuwai hao a me nā metala hoʻoheheʻe ʻē aʻe, e hoʻoulu i ka nui o ka wela ke komo mākou i ka honua. Hiki ke hoʻohana i kēia ikehu e hoʻomehana i nā home ma o nā ʻōnaehana wai, akā i nā wahi lua pele a i ʻole nā wahi me ka hana magmatic kiʻekiʻe hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻolapalapa i ka wai a hana i kahi nui o ka uila.
Ikehu kai. ʻO ka ikehu kaʻi ka mea e hoʻohana pono ai i ka neʻe ʻana o ke kai, ma ke ʻano like me ka hana a ka makani. Aia he mau wili kuʻi, e hoʻohuli i ka Ikehu Kinetic o nā kahe wai i uila uila hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia. Eia nō naʻe, ka nui o ka ikehu i hoʻokumu ʻia, i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka hoʻopukapuka waiwai a me ka hopena o ke kaiapuni o ka hoʻokomo ʻana o kēia mau mea ulu ulu i mea hoʻohālikelike me ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o kēia lā.
Ka mana Hydroelectric. ʻO nā mea makemake nui ʻia o ka ikehu hou, koi ʻia i hoʻokahi wailele (kūlohelohe, e like me nā wailele, nā wailele a i ʻole nā muliwai; a i ʻole nā mea hana, e like me nā wai wai a me nā wai uila me nā waihona) e hoʻākoakoa i nā mea hana e hoʻopuka i ke au uila. Koe i ka hopena o ke kaiapuni a me ka hoʻokele waiwai e kū ana i ke kau ʻana i kēia mau mea kanu a i ʻole ke kū ʻana i nā kahawai āpau a me nā kahawai kahawai, a me ka hopena o nā kau maloʻo e pili pū me ka loli, ua hōʻoia kēia ʻano hana i ka hilinaʻi, palekana a me ke kaiaola.
ʻO Energy Energy Photovoltaic. Ke hoʻohana pono nei i ka ikehu e hoʻomālamalama ai ka lā ʻo ia nō kekahi o nā manaʻolana nui o ka lāhui i ke alo o nā manawa o ka huliau. I ke kumu o ka ikehu lā photovoltaic, koi kēia i ka hoʻokomo ʻana o nā paneli nui o ka lā i nā wahi nui o ka ʻāina, i hiki ke hopu i nā pāhawewe nui e like me ka hiki a ma o kahi pūnaewele photovoltaic e hana ana ma mua a liʻiliʻi paha e like me ka uila, hoʻohana pono ʻia ka hopena o nā photons e hana i kahi kahua uila paʻa. Loaʻa iā ia ka palena o ke koi ʻana i nā anilā ma nā wahi nui o ka ʻāina.
Ikehu lā wela. ʻIke pū ʻia me ka ikehu wela o ka lā, hana ia i kahi ala like me ka ikehu photovoltaic akā e hana i ka wela ma kahi o ka uila: ka wela i hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e kuke i ka meaʻai, hoʻomehana i kahi lumi a i ʻole i nā mīkini hoʻohuihui hoʻoiho uila, kahi e pono ai ka wela ma kahi o ka uila . Loaʻa iā ia nā mea like a me nā maikaʻi ʻole, eia nō naʻe, o ka hihia i hala.
Ikehu hawewe. ʻO kēia ka inoa i hāʻawi ʻia i ka ikehu i loaʻa mai ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka ikaika (ikehu mīkini) mai nā nalu kai: ʻo ia kekahi o nā ʻano ikehu hou i aʻo ʻia i ka hoʻomaka o ke kenekulia 21, ʻoiai ka wānana o nā kaʻina hana kai a me kā lākou hui pū ʻana me ka ikehu e hāʻawi i ka manaolana i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ikehu. kūpaʻa ke nānā nei i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
Ikehu Biomass. Kāhea ʻia nō hoʻi ikehuola biofuel a i ʻole bioenergy, pili ia i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā wahie kaiaola ʻoi aku a ʻoi paha (me ka hopena o ke kaiapuni i ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa ma mua o nā wahie fossil) a ma luna o nā mea kūʻai aku āpau, mai ka hoʻololi ʻana o mea ʻokanika i nā wai ʻāpuni kuni ʻia (biodiesel, bioethanol, biogas, a pēlā aku.). No kēia, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻōpala mahiʻai, nā mea neoneo a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he nui o nā mea kanu a holoholona paha i hoʻokumu ʻia i kahi kaʻina fermentation anaerobic.