Anter
ʻO ka polymers ʻO lākou nā molekiola nui (macromolecules) i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka hui ʻana o ʻelua a ʻoi paha mau mole liʻiliʻi i kapa ʻia he monomers. Pili nā Monomers kekahi i kekahi ma o nā paʻa covalent.
He mea nui nā Polymers, no ka mea, hoʻokō kekahi i nā hana nui i nā mea ola, e laʻa me: nā polokina, DNA. Aia ka hapa nui o lākou i ke kūlohelohe a i ka hana kokoke i nā mea āpau a puni iā mākou, e laʻa me: palekiko i kahi mea pāʻani; kāpili i nā kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa; huluhulu i loko o kahi palule.
Wahi a ko lākou kumu, hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia nā polymers ma ke ʻano he: kūlohelohe, e like me ka starch a i ʻole cellulose; semisynthetics, e like me nitrocellulose; a ʻimi hoʻopunipuni, e like me nylon a i ʻole polycarbonate. Hoʻohui ʻia, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia mau polymers like e like me ka ʻano polymerization (ke kaʻina e hele ai nā monomers e hana i kahi kaulahao a lilo i polymer), e like me kā lākou haku mele a me kā lākou ʻano mehana.
Nā ʻano Polymer
Wahi a kona kumu:
- Nā polymers kūlohelohe. ʻO lākou kēlā mau polymers i loaʻa i ke kūlohelohe. O kahi laʻana: DNA, starch, silika, nā protein.
- Nā polymers hana. ʻO lākou kēlā mau polymers i hana ʻia e ke kanaka ma o ka hana ʻana o ka monomers. O kahi laʻana: pelekika, nā olonā, kāpili.
- Nā polymers semi-synthetic. ʻO lākou kēlā mau polymers i loaʻa i ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā polymers maoli ma o nā hana kemika. O kahi laʻana: etonite, nictrocellulose.
- E hāhai i: Nā polymers kūlohelohe a me ka hana
Wahi a ke kaʻina polymerization:
- Pākuʻi. Ke ʻano o ka polymerization e kū ana i ka nui o ka mole mole o ka polymer i ka nui o ka nui o ka monomer. O kahi laʻana: vinyl koloriside.
- ʻEnsationlelo hoʻolima. Ke ʻano o ka polymerization e kū ana i ka manawa o ka nui o ka mole mole o ka polymer ʻaʻole he kikoʻī kikoʻī o ka nui o ka monomer, hana kēia no ka mea i ka hui ʻana o nā monomers he nalowale o ka wai a i ʻole kekahi mole. O kahi laʻana: mea pīlali
Wahi a kāna haku mele:
- ʻO nā polymic organik. Ke ʻano o nā polymers i loaʻa nā ʻāpana kalapona i kā lākou kaulahao nui. O kahi laʻana: kahuluhulu, pulupulu.
- Nā polymers organic vinyl. Ke ʻano o nā polymers nona ke kaulahao nui i haku wale ʻia nā ʻāpana kalapona. O kahi laʻana: polyethylene.
- Nā polymic organic non-vinyl. Ke ʻano o nā polymers i loaʻa kalapona a me oxygen a me / a i ʻole nā ʻokene o ka nitrogen i kā lākou kaulahao nui. O kahi laʻana: polyesters.
- Nā polymers anorganic. Ke ʻano o nā polymers ʻaʻohe o nā ʻāpana kalapona i kā lākou kaulahao nui. O kahi laʻana: silicones.
Wahi a kāna hana pumehana:
- Mahana loa. Ke ʻano o nā polymers, ke piʻi aʻe ko lākou mahana, decompose chemically. O kahi laʻana: ebonite.
- Thermoplastics. Ke ʻano o nā polymers hiki ke palupalu a hoʻoheheʻe ke hoʻomehana ʻia a laila loaʻa hou i kā lākou waiwai ke anuanu. O kahi laʻana: naelona
- Elastomers. Ke ʻano o nā polymers hiki ke maʻalahi ʻia a kālai ʻia me ka nalowale ʻole o kā lākou waiwai a me ke ʻano. O kahi laʻana: kāpala, mea pīlali.
- Hiki iā ia ke lawelawe iā ʻoe: nā mea elastic
Nā laʻana o nā polymers
- Paukū
- Pepa
- Pākaʻi
- Pūmua
- Laau
- RNA a me DNA
- Pākuʻi Vulcanized
- ʻO Nitrocellulose
- Naelona
- PVC
- ʻO Polyethylene
- ʻO Polyvinylchloride
- Hahai pū me: Nā mea kūlohelohe a me nā mea hana
