Anter
- ʻO ka hui olaola
- ʻAno ʻAhahui
- Hoʻokūkū kālaimeaola
- Nā ʻano hoʻokūkū
- Nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka hui a me ka hoʻokūkū
Mea ola e kaʻana like a wahi noho a i ʻole ke kaiaolaola i nā ʻano ʻokoʻa e pili ai kekahi i kekahi, no ka pono pākahi a i ʻole no ka mea hoʻokahi wale nō. Ma muli o ka palena o nā kumuwaiwai, ʻo ia ka ʻāina, nā meaʻai a wai paha, he kūlohelohe ia aia kekahi mau ʻano pilina i kahi o nā lāhui e laulima ai (ahahui) a i ʻole ke kaua kūʻē (mākaukau).
ʻO ka hui olaola
E kamaʻilio mākou ahahui, laila, ʻoiai no hoʻi o ka laulima ʻana, ke ʻae ʻelua mau holoholona i kekahi i kekahi e hana pū i mea e pōmaikaʻi ai kekahi i kekahi, e hoʻohana pono ana i nā kumuwaiwai a i ʻole e hāʻawi i kahi manawa e loaʻa ʻole ai iā lākou. Hiki i kēia ʻano pilina pili kūpono ke komo i loko o ka intraspecific (ma waena o nā lālā ʻelua o ka ʻano like) a i ʻole interspecific (ma waena o nā lālā ʻelua o nā ʻano like ʻole).
Hoʻokumu ʻia kahi laʻana maikaʻi o ka hui e nā kolone, kahi e mahele like ai nā kānaka like ʻole i ka nohona, a hiki i ka hoʻohui ʻia ʻana o ke kino i kekahi manawa. No laila, hana nā ʻākoakoa i nā kolone o nā mea like e kōkua like e pale a hānai iā lākou iho; ʻoiai e hana like nā pi, akā i ke ʻano hierarchical a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā hana, e mālama i ka mea holoʻokoʻa a pale ʻia.
ʻAno ʻAhahui
Hiki i nā hui biology interspecies ke lilo i kekahi o kēia mau ʻano, ke hoʻokolokolo ʻia e ka pilina kikoʻī ma waena o nā mea e pili ana.
- Hoʻolimalima. I kēia hihia, ʻimi kekahi o nā mea ʻelua i ka pale i kekahi, me ka ʻole o ka hōʻeha a hōʻeha ʻia e ia. ʻO kahi laʻana: ʻo ka iʻa clown e noho ana ma waena o nā petal o anemones, me ka ʻole o ka hōʻeha ʻia e lākou akā e palekana ana mai nā mea hōkai.
- ʻO Commensalism. Noho pū nā kānaka ʻelua, a ʻo kekahi o lākou e pōmaikaʻi ai mai kahi ʻē aʻe (e laʻa me kāna ʻōpala), me ka hana ʻole ʻana i kahi ʻino iā ia. ʻO kahi laʻana, pili nā remoras i kahi manō, e hānai nei i kāna kupapaʻu holoholona.
- Hōʻailona. I ka symbiosis ʻelua mau mea e pili pū ana, pono pū kekahi, i ka laulima ʻana e hāʻawi i ka mea e pono ai a i ʻole pale pale ʻelua mai nā mea ʻaihue. ʻO kahi laʻana, lichen, kahi hui o kahi fungus a me kahi alga e hāʻawi i ka pale a me ke kūkulu like ʻana.
- Palekana. I kēia hihia, ʻaʻole waiwai nui ka hui like ʻana no kekahi o nā mea ʻelua, ʻoiai hānai nā mea ʻē iā ia a i kāna mau iwi ʻaoʻao a i kekahi manawa ʻeha iā ia. ʻO kahi laʻana, nā kikiki e inu ai i ke koko o nā pipi.
Hoʻokūkū kālaimeaola
Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻōlelo ia mākaukau ke hiki mai ke alo o ʻelua mau mea i ka noho like i kumu e hōʻemi ai ka makemake o kekahi i kekahi, no ka ʻai paha, ka wai a me ka ʻāina. I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka hoʻokūkū ka hakakā a i ʻole ka hoʻāʻo ʻana ma ka ʻaoʻao o nā holoholona e pili ana i loaʻa nā pono no lākou iho, no laila he hihia ʻē aʻe i ka hui o nā ʻano like ʻole.
Eia hou, hiki i kēia hoʻokūkū ma waena o nā laha a i waena o nā ʻano like like a hana nui i ke koho kūlohelohe, i mea nui i ke kumumanaʻo o ka evolution. ʻO ka mana o ka hanauna o nā mea pono loa (a me kā lākou ʻano hanauna) ma luna o ka mea liʻiliʻi a hemahema paha i ka hoʻokūkū, a laila, e hana ka laha i ka nāhelehele. hoʻokūkū me kekahi hoʻololi i ke kaiapuni a i ʻole inā ʻaʻole e pau.
Kū like ka mea like i loko o kahi laha, no ka mea e hoʻokūkū nā kānaka no ke kiʻi ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai a me ka hana hou ʻana, kahi e kumu ai ka makaukau loa e hana hou i nā mea i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka liʻiliʻi.
Nā ʻano hoʻokūkū
ʻEkolu ʻano nui o ka hoʻokūkū, e like me nā ʻano hana e kū ai lākou:
- ʻO ka hoʻokūkū ma ka hoʻoweliweli. Kū ʻia ia i ka wā e komo ai ke kanaka a i ʻole kekahi laha, ʻo ia hoʻi, keakea i ka hoʻokūkū o ka mea ʻē aʻe a i ʻole ka mea ʻē aʻe, ma o ka huhū a me nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe, e pale ana i ke komo ʻana i ka meaʻai a i ʻole kahi noho.
- ʻO ka hoʻokūkū no ka hoʻohana ʻana. Kū ʻole ʻia ia, ke hoʻohana ʻia kahi kumuwaiwai a i ʻole kahi e noho ai e haʻalele i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe, e hoʻonele iā lākou i ko lākou mau pono maʻamau akā me ka ʻole o ka pilina pololei me kekahi kanaka a i ʻole nā ʻano ʻē aʻe.
- Wehe i ka hoʻokūkū. ʻO ia ka hoʻokūkū pololei ma waena o ʻelua mau ʻano a i ʻole ʻelua mau mea no ke ola, ka mea e manaʻo ai, no ka laʻana, hoʻokūkū e hūnā mai kahi mea ʻaihue, a waiho ʻia ka mea ʻē aʻe.
Nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka hui a me ka hoʻokūkū
- I ka hui like ʻana o nā ʻelua a i ʻole nā lāhui paha e laulima a pōmaikaʻi i ka ʻoi aku a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi, ʻoiai i ka hoʻokūkū e loaʻa kahi o nā mea ʻelua wale nō.
- ʻAe ka ʻahahui i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā kolone a me nā ʻano paʻakikī o ka launa ʻana, ʻoiai kaomi hoʻokūkū e ola a make ai a hoʻokele i ka ʻenekini o ke koho a kāpae.
- Hoʻokomo ka hui e kaʻana i kahi a me nā kumuwaiwai, ʻoiai ka hoʻokūkū e hakakā ai no lākou.
- ʻAe ka hui i ke ola like, ʻoiai ka hoʻokūkū e alakaʻi i ka make o kekahi o nā mea hoʻokūkū.
