Anter
- Nā ʻano pilina
- ʻO ke kuleana i ka hoʻolālā evolution
- Hoʻololi holoholona
- Nā laʻana o nā pilina predatory
- Hiki ke lawelawe iā ʻoe
ʻO ka predation ʻO ia ka pilina olaola kahi e pono ai kekahi ʻano e alualu i kahi ʻē aʻe e ola ai, no ka mea ʻo ia wale nō ka mea hiki ke hānai.
ʻO Predation ka mea maʻa mau i ke ʻano o nā hanana evolutionary. Me nā hoʻokoe kākaʻikahi, ʻo kēlā me kēia kanaka i pili i ka pilina predatory (i kapa ʻia he predator a me nā mea pio) he mau ʻano ʻokoʻa like ʻole, a i kekahi mau manawa hiki i kekahi mea ʻino ke hopu i kekahi i ka manawa like, ʻoiai hiki i kekahi holoholona ke lilo i mau mea ʻaihue.
I ka predation, ʻokoʻa ka nui o nā pilina biological ʻē aʻe i ke kūlohelohe, hoʻokahi wale nō mea i hōʻeha ʻia a hoʻokahi mea e loaʻa ai ka pono: pono ka mea ʻino i ka mea pio, ʻoiai e pale wale ka mea pio iā ia iho mai ka weliweli e lurks ana. Hoʻopili ka pilina hakakā me nā mea i ʻike maka ʻia a i ʻole olfactory a ka predator e hoʻokokoke aku ai iā ia i ka mea pio, a i ʻole kahi stalking e hana hāmau ʻia e hōʻalo i ka hoʻonele ʻana i ka ikehu.
Nā ʻano pilina
ʻO nā mea i kapa ʻia he pilina pilikino a pilina paha he ʻano ʻokoʻa:
- Palekana: Inā loaʻa i kahi meaola kāna meaʻai mai kahi ʻē aʻe a hōʻeha iā ia ma ka hana ʻana, ʻo ia kona parasite.
- Mākaukau: Hiki i nā mea ola ke koi i nā kumuwaiwai like no ko lākou ulu ʻana. ʻO kahi laʻana, pono ʻelua mau lāʻau e pili kokoke ana e hoʻohana i nā meaola mai ka lepo, ka wai, a me ka lā. I kēia mau hihia, lilo lākou i mau hoʻokūkū a hōʻeha kekahi i kekahi.
- ʻO Commensalism: Inā loaʻa kahi meaola A i kekahi pōmaikaʻi (lawelawe a kumuwaiwai paha) mai kahi meaola B, ʻoiai ʻo ke kino B ʻaʻole pōmaikaʻi a hōʻino ʻole iā ia iho, ʻo ka meaola A he kumu kūʻai.
- Mutualism: Loaʻa nā ʻoihana ʻelua i ka pilina.
- ʻO ke alu like: Loaʻa nā ʻano ʻelua mai ka pilina, akā ʻaʻole pili ka noho ʻana i kēlā pilina, e like me nā hihia o ka mutualism.
ʻO ke kuleana i ka hoʻolālā evolution
Aia ʻo Predation ma waenakonu o ke kaʻina hana evolution. He ʻāpana nō ia o ka kaiaolaola, a me nā hoʻoliʻiliʻi i kekahi mau ʻano e kōkua ai kēia i ka mālama ʻana i ke ʻano kaulike: inā hoʻomaka kekahi o lākou e ulu me ka kaohi ʻole, e pau paha ka haki ʻana i ke kaulike o ke kaiaola.
Mālama nā Predators i ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiaolaola, a akamai lākou i ka kaohi ʻana i ka helu o nā lālā o ka laha ʻē aʻe: ʻike maopopo lākou inā ʻaʻole hiki i kēia ke hoʻomau i ka ulu ʻana i ka nohona kanaka, ʻo kāna kumu nui o ka meaʻai e pau i ka nalowale.
Hoʻololi holoholona
Kū pinepine lākou i ia mau hanana hoʻololi kino ke hoʻohana nei i ka pilina o ka hakakā, ʻo ia ka mea predator e hoʻomohala mau i nā māiʻuʻu, nā niho ʻoi, ka wikiwiki, ka wikiwiki, hoʻoholo e hoʻokō i ka ʻimi holoholona i kahi hui a me ka hoʻouka pūʻiwa, ʻoiai ka mea pio e pale aku iā lākou iho ma ka holo ʻana, peʻe, a me ka hoʻopunipuni ʻana. ko lākou make a hoʻolei ʻana i nā mea me kahi ʻala ʻono a ʻono paha.
Kāmahu
ʻO kekahi o nā hanana nui loa o ke kaʻina predation ʻo ia o ka camouflage, kahi e hiki ai i kahi meaola ke hoʻololi i kona kala a me kona kinona, e lilo i ʻano like me ka ʻāina, e lilo i mea paʻakikī no ka ʻike ʻia e ka mea ʻino i ka hihia o ke ʻano pale, a i ʻole ka mea pio inā ka hoʻololi i ka ʻaoʻao o ka predator. .
Nā holoholona, a laila, loaʻa a like me nā mea ola ʻole e like me nā pōhaku, nā kumu, nā lau a me nā lālā, i mea e aneane hiki ʻole ai ke mahalo ke ʻole ka neʻe ʻana o kahi neʻe iā lākou i kahi mea nui loa: hana ʻia kēia ʻano e nā kānaka no nā hana nahele o ka hopu holoholona a me ke kaua.
Nā laʻana o nā pilina predatory
- ʻO ka liona, ka moʻo o impalas, zebras, buffalo (ʻike i ke kiʻi).
- ʻO ka ʻīlio hae, predator o ka elk.
- ʻO Rattlesnakes, kahi i hao ʻia no nā ʻino hihi a me kekahi mau ʻio.
- ʻO ka mink ʻAmelika, kahi predator liʻiliʻi o nā iʻa a me nā mollusks.
- ʻO nā gazela, ka pio o ka liona.
- Ka weasel, predator of rodents.
- ʻO ka pihi, ʻaihue o nā ilo.
- ʻO ke Tiga, ka mea hoʻomake i nā puaʻa hihiu.
- Ka manō, ʻaihue i nā iʻa he nui.
- Ka dia mule, pio o ka puma.
- ʻO ka anaconda, ka amphibian predatory nui loa.
- ʻO ka rana, predator o ka nalo.
- ʻO ka herona, ka mea ʻaihue o ka crayfish.
- ʻO nā hares, ka waiwai pio o ka ʻīlio hae a me ka ʻalopeke.
- ʻO ka Tiga, ka mea ʻaihue o ka buffalo.
- ʻO ka alligator, predator o kekahi iʻa.
- ʻO nāʻiole, pio o ka ʻīlio.
- ʻO ka leming, pio o ka pueo arctic.
- ʻO ka liona ʻApelika, predator o kahi zebra.
- ʻO ka tiger, mea ʻaihue o kekahi iʻa.
- ʻO ka jaguar, predator o dia.
- Ke sila, predator o kekahi iʻa.
- Ka ʻīlio hihi, mea ʻaihue manu.
- ʻO ka jaguar, predator o nā tapir.
- ʻO nā lele a me nā pepepe, nā mea i lawe ʻia no nā rana.
Hiki ke lawelawe iā ʻoe
- Nā laʻana o Predator a me Prey
- Nā laʻana o nā holoholona karnivorous
- Nā laʻana o ka Mutualism
- Nā laʻana o ka Parasitism
- Nā laʻana o ka Commensalism
