Anter
ʻO ka pH he acronym ia e kū ana i ka hiki hydrogen, a hana e like me ke ana o ka acidity a alkalinity o ka hoʻoheheʻe, e hōʻike nei i ka paʻa o nā ioni hydronium i loaʻa i kahi hopena.
Hōʻike ʻia kēlā aia kahi pilina piha ma waena o ka hoʻohui o nā iona hydrogen a me ka pae o ka acidity o kahi mea waiwaiLoaʻa nā kiʻekiʻe o nā hydrogen ions i nā waikawa ikaika, ʻoiai nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.
Makemakika, ka pH Ua wehewehe ʻia e like me ka decimal logarithm o ka pānaʻi o ka hana o ka hydrogen ion i kahi hopena. Hoʻohana ʻia ka hana logarithm e laina i ke au, no laila he manaʻo ko ka helu iā ia iho. Ua hoʻolauna ʻia ka pālākiō e ke kaimia ʻo Sorenson, nāna i hāʻawi i ka pālākiō i kona inoa a hiki i ka 1924.
ʻO ka Kau ʻia ka pālākiō pH ma waena o ka helu 0 a me 14: 0 ka hopena ʻakika, ʻoiai ʻo 14 ka hopena alkaline. ʻO ka helu 7, ka waena, ʻo ia ka mea i ʻike ʻia he pH kūlike ʻole.
E like me ke ana ʻana?
No ke ana ʻana i ka pH, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kahi kemika maʻalahi, ʻo ia ka Pepa Litmus. He kuleana ia hoʻololi ia i kona kala ma muli o ka hopena i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai.
E huli nā mea ʻakika loa i ka pepa a poni, ʻoiai nā mea maʻamau e hoʻohuli i polū. Loaʻa i kekahi o nā pepa o kēia ʻano nā māka pae, i hiki i ka mea nāna e hoʻohana ke decode i ka pae hiki ke hydrogen me ke kala.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole holo pono ka hana a Litmus, a i nā hihia inā maikaʻi ʻole ia, kahi hāmeʻa i ʻike ʻia mika mika, kahi mīkini i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana kemika e ana i ka pH o kahi hopena. Ma laila, kahi pūnaewele no ke ana ʻana o pH he mau electrodes, i hana ʻia i ka calomel a i hana ʻia i ke aniani: he voltmeter maʻalahi kēia mika, a ʻo nā uila uila e pili ana iā ia e hana i kahi uila i ka wā e hoʻokomo ʻia ai i nā hopena.
Nā laʻana o ka pH o kekahi mau mea
| Wai lemi (pH 2) | Wai ʻalani (pH 4) |
| ʻO ka wai Gastric (pH 1) | Pia (pH 5) |
| Mea holoi lole (pH 10.5) | ʻAmonia (pH 12) |
| Ka wai soapy (pH 9) | ʻO Bleach (pH 13) |
| Ka wai kai (pH 8) | ʻO Cola soda (pH 3) |
| ʻO ka wai lime (pH 11) | ʻAkika Hydrochloric (pH 0) |
| Ka waiū o Magnesia (pH 10) | O na pu ki (PH 1) |
| ʻIli kanaka (pH 5.5) | Sodium hydroxide (pH 14) |
| Waiū (pH 6) | Ka wai maʻemaʻe (pH 7) |
| Vinegar (pH 3) | Koko (PH 8) |
Pehea e mālama ai i ka pH mau?
I kekahi manawa koi ke kaʻina hana i ka hoʻomākaukau a me ka mālama ʻana i kahi hopena pH mau. ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o ka mālama ʻana i kēia hopena ma mua o kāna hoʻomākaukau ʻana, no ka mea inā pili ia me ka ea e komo ana ia i ke kalebona a e lilo ia i acidic, ʻoiai inā e mālama ʻia i loko o kahi ipu aniani e lilo ia i mea alkaline ma muli o ka hopena. hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai ke aniani.
ʻO ka ʻōnaehana buffer hiki iā lākou ke mālama i kā lākou pH kūpaʻa i ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o ʻakika a i ʻole kahua mana.
Hoʻomākaukau ʻia nā hāʻina o kēia ʻano me ka waikawa nāwaliwali a me ka paʻakai o ka waikawa like, a i ʻole me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi kumu nāwaliwali a me ka paʻakai o ke kumu hoʻokahi. ʻOiai pono nā pūnaewele i nā meaola ola e mālama i kahi pH aneane mau, no ka mea hana enzymatic a me ka metabolic.
Hiki iā ia ke lawelawe iā ʻoe: Nā laʻana o nā ʻAkika a me nā kumu
