ʻO nāʻokikena kumu

Anter

• Nomenclature o nā oxides kumu
• Nā laʻana o nā oxides maʻamau

ʻO ka nā mea hoʻoheheʻe kumu, ʻike ʻia ʻo nā mea hoʻoheheʻe hao, ʻo ia nā mea e hoʻohui i ka oxygen me kahi mea hao. ʻOiai he electronegative nui ka oxygen a electropositive nā metala, ʻo ka hoʻopaʻa i hoʻokumu ʻia he ionic.

ʻO ka kumumea kūmole ʻo ia ka XO, ʻo X ka mea hao a ʻo O ka oxygen. Hiki ke ukali ʻia i kēlā me kēia o kēia e nā kau inoa (ma ke ʻano he 2 a 3 paha), i ʻike ʻia e ke kuapo ʻana i nā valences (ʻo ia hoʻi o ka mea hao me ka oxygen).

Nomenclature o nā oxides kumu

Nomenclature kuʻuna: Ua kapa ʻia nā oxides maʻamau e ka ʻōlelo ʻana ma mua i ka huaʻōlelo ʻo "oxide of" a laila ka inoa o ka metallic element, a i ʻole "oxide" i ukali ʻia e kahi adjective ʻo ia ka inoa o ka metallic element me nā hoʻopau ʻokoʻa, e like me ka kikoʻī ma lalo:

1. I kametala i loaʻa hoʻokahi wale nō ʻano o ka valence (e like me ka sodium a calcium), kūkulu ʻia ka ʻāpana o ka metala ma ke ʻano he huaʻōlelo esdrújula me ka hopena "ico".
2. I nā mekala e kū nei ʻelua ʻano valence (e like me ke keleawe a i ʻole mercury), inā pili ka oxide i ka valence haʻahaʻa loa, ua hoʻohui ʻia ka inoa o ka metala me ka hope "bear" a he huaʻōlelo koʻikoʻi kēia. Inā pili ia i ka valence kiʻekiʻe loa, hoʻohui ʻia ka inoa o ka metala me ka hope "ico" a he huaʻōlelo ʻo esdrújula.
3. Ke loaʻa ʻekolu mau valens hiki (e like me ka chromium), inā pili ka oxide i ka valence haʻahaʻa loa, ua hoʻohui ʻia ka inoa o ka metala me ka mua "hiccup" a me ka hope "bear", a he huaʻōlelo koʻikoʻi ia. Ke pili ia i ka valence waena, kapa ʻia ka hao me ka hopena "bear" a he huaʻōlelo nui nō ia, akā inā pili ia i ka valence kiʻekiʻe loa, ʻo "ico" ka hopena a he sdrújula huaʻōlelo ia.
4. ʻO ka hao iā ia ʻehā mau valens hiki (e like me ka manganese), ua like ke kumumanaʻo me ka mea mua no nā mea ʻekolu, akā i ka hoʻopili ʻia ʻana o ka metala i loko o ka oxide me ka valence ʻehā a kiʻekiʻe loa, ua hoʻohui ʻia ka inoa o ka metala me ka pīpeka "per" a me ka pani "ico", a he huaʻōlelo ʻo esdrújula.

Nomenclature oKumukūʻai: Ma lalo o kēia nomenclature, kākau ʻia nā ʻokikū a kapa ʻia ma ke ʻano he "oxide of" + metallic element + Roman numeral in parentheses, e hōʻike ana i ka valence a ka mea metallic element e launa pū ana me ka oxygen.

Nomenclature ʻōnaehana: I kēia manawa makemake ʻia e ka IUPAC(International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry), mālama ʻia ke kumumanaʻo o ke kapa ʻana iā lākou ma ke ʻano he "oxides of", akā ke hana pololei nei me ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka prefiks Helene maʻamau e kūlike i ka helu o nā ʻokikene oxygen (i ka huaʻōlelo "oxide") a me ka helu o nā ʻoma i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia (i ka inoa o ka metala) i loaʻa i kēlā me kēia mole, e hoʻohana ana i ka preposition "o" ma ke ʻano he alahaka.

ʻO nā oxides maʻamau ka nui o nā hoʻohana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ka pena, nā pono hale, nā lula, a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe.

Nā laʻana o nā oxides maʻamau

Nā ʻano oxide ʻē aʻe:

• Nā mea hoʻoheheʻe hao
• Nāʻokikene hao hao haoʻole
• ʻAikika ʻakika