20 Nā laʻana o nā Pono Hana - 'Ōuli

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Nā waiwai o nā pono kūkulu hale
Nā ʻano o nā pono hana hale
Nā laʻana o nā mea kūkulu hale

ʻO ka Nā mea hana kūkulu ʻo ia kēlā mau nā mea pono a i ʻole, maʻa mau, hana ʻia i nā huahana e pono ai i ke kūkulu ʻana i ka hana kūkulu hale a i ʻole nā hana ʻenehana kūloko. ʻO lākou nā kumu kumu o nā mea kūkulu a kuhina paha o kahi hale.

Mai ka wā kahiko, ua hoʻokele nā kānaka e hoʻomaikaʻi i ko lākou ola o ke ola ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea o ke kūlohelohe, a ʻO kēia ka mea i alakaʻi iā ia e hoʻohou i nā ʻōlelo e pili ana i nā hale e hōʻoluʻolu hou aku ai iā lākou, kūpaʻa i nā pōpilikia a me nā mea hou aku me nā holomua ʻepekema a me nā ʻenehana.. I kēia kaʻina hana, ua aʻo ʻo ia e pili ana i nā pono hana a me kā lākou hoʻohana ʻana, e ʻike pehea e koho a hana ai i ka mea kūpono loa no kēlā me kēia hanana.

I kēia kaʻina, hoʻohuihui, nā mea hou a me nā synthetic, a me nā hoʻolālā akamai i loaʻa kahi wahi nui i ka mōʻaukala o ka hoʻolālā a me ka ʻenekini kīwila. Hana ʻia nā huahana he nui o nā hale hana o nā ʻoihana mua, ʻoiai nā mea ʻē aʻe e mālama ʻia a i ʻole kahi kūlana semi-raw.

E nānā pū: Nā laʻana o nā Pono Pono a me nā Pono

Nā waiwai o nā pono kūkulu hale

No ka mea ʻo ke koho naʻauao e hōʻoia i kahi hopena hoʻolālā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, aia kekahi mau waiwai kūpono o nā mea kūkulu hale kahi e nānā ʻia ai.

Ka mānoanoa. Ka pilina ma waena o ka nui a me ka leo, ʻo ia ka nui o nā mea i loaʻa i kēlā me kēia ʻāpana.
ʻO Hygroscopicity. Ka hiki o ka mea e komo i ka wai.
Hoʻonui. Hoʻonui ka mea o ka mea i ka nui i ke alo o ka wela a ʻaelike iā ia i ke alo o ke anuanu.
ʻOhana conductivity. Ka hiki o nā mea e hoʻoili ai i ka wela.
Uila uila. Ka hiki o ka mea e hoʻouna i ka uila.
Ka ikaika mīkini. ʻO ka nui o ke koʻikoʻi i hiki i nā mea ke kū me ka ʻole o ka hanu a haki paha.
Elasticity. Ka hiki o nā mea e loaʻa hou i ko lākou kinona kumu ke pau ke koʻikoʻi e hōʻino iā lākou.
Palakiko. Hiki i nā mea e deform a haki ʻole i ke alo o ke koʻikoʻi paʻa i ka manawa.
ʻOʻoleʻa. Mālama i ka mea o ka mea e hoʻomau i kona kinona i ke alo o ka hoʻāʻo.
Fragility. Hiki ʻole i nā mea ke deform, makemake e wāwahi i nā ʻāpana.
Ke kūpaʻa i ka pala. Ka hiki ke ʻae i ka popopo me ka haki ʻole a haki paha.

Nā ʻano o nā pono hana hale

ʻEhā ʻano o nā mea kūkulu, e like me ke ʻano o nā mea maka mai lākou e hana ʻia ai, ʻo ia hoʻi:

Pōhaku. ʻO kēia nā mea mai a i ʻole i hana ʻia pōhaku, nā pōhaku a me nā mea calcareous, me nā mea paʻa (i hui ʻia me ka wai e hana i ka pala) a me nā kerika a me nā aniani, mai nā pālolo, nā lepo a me nā silicas i hoʻoili ʻia i nā hana kī ʻana i nā umu ma nā mahana wela.
Mea hao. Ke hele nei mai ka hao, maopopo leʻa, ma ke ʻano o nā pale (metals malleable) a i ʻole nā pae (metals kālailai). I nā manawa he nui, ʻākoakoa.
Meaola. E hele mai ana mai ka mea ʻokanika, inā he wahie, resins a i ʻole nā mea ulu.
Nā Synthetics. Nā huahana huahana o nā hana hoʻololi kemikala, e like me nā mea i loaʻa iā distillation hydrocarbon a i ʻole polymerization (nā ea).

Nā laʻana o nā mea kūkulu hale

Pohaku ʻIke ʻia he "pōhaku berroqueña", he pōhaku igneous ia i hana nui ʻia e ka quartz. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia e hana i nā pōhaku paving a e hana i nā paia a me nā papahele (i ke ʻano o nā pā), ka pale lole a i ʻole nā countertops, i hāʻawi ʻia i kona nani a me kāna hoʻopau ʻana. He pōhaku kūloko ia, i hāʻawi ʻia i kona hiki ke hoʻonani ʻia.
Kinikini. I ke ʻano o nā pā a me nā kile, pili pinepine kēia pōhaku metamorphic i nā mea kālai o nā mea i hala me ka waiwai a me kekahi ostentation, ʻoiai i kēia lā ua hoʻohana ʻia ia ma mua o nā mea āpau no ka papahele, ka uhi ʻana a i ʻole nā kikoʻī kikoʻī o ka hale. He mea maʻa mau ia i nā hana aloha ʻāina a i ʻole nā hanana o nā wā kahiko.
Kukena. ʻO kahi mea hoʻopaʻa paʻa me kahi huikau o ka limamona a me ka pālolo, helu ʻia, lepo a laila kāwili ʻia me ka gypsum, nona ka waiwai nui e ʻoʻoleʻa ke pili i ka wai. I ke kūkulu ʻana ua hoʻohana ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he pono, i ka huikau me ka wai, ke one a me ka ʻiliʻili, e loaʻa ai kahi lole like, hiki ke maʻalahi a me ka mea ea i ka wā e maloʻo ai a ʻike ʻia ʻo ka paʻa.
Pōhaku. Hana ʻia ka pōhaku lepo i kahi kāwili pālolo, puhi ʻia a hiki i ka lawe ʻia ʻana o ka wai a paʻakikī a hiki i ka loaʻa ʻana o kona ʻano huinahā huinahā a me kona kala ʻalani. Paʻa a palupalu, hoʻohana ākea ʻia kēia mau palaka i ke kūkulu ʻana, hāʻawi ʻia i kā lākou kumukūʻai waiwai a me ka hilinaʻi. I ke ala like i loaʻa nā tile, hana ʻia i nā mea like like akā ʻano ʻokoʻa.
Aniani. ʻO ka huahana o ka fusion o ka sodium carbonate, ke silica a me ke anapō ma kahi o 1500 ° C, hoʻohana ākea ʻia kēia mea paʻakikī, nāwaliwali a aniani moakaka i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻano pono like ʻole a me nā pale, keu hoʻi i ka ʻāpana kūkulu. kūpono no nā puka aniani: hoʻokuʻu ia i ka mālam, akā ʻaʻole ka ea a me ka wai.
ʻAilana. ʻO ke kila ka mea i ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka ductile a me ka mea hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, hāʻawi ʻia me ke kūpaʻa mechanical nui a kūpaʻa i ka pala, i loaʻa mai ke kinikini o ka hao me nā metala ʻē aʻe a me nā mea hao ʻole e like me ke kalapona, kiniki, tin a me kekahi poʻe ʻē aʻe. ʻO ia kekahi o nā metala nui i hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻāpana kūkulu, no ka mea ua hana ʻia nā hale a laila hoʻopiha ʻia me ka sima, i ʻike ʻia ʻo "pōhaku paʻa".
Kiniki ʻO kēia metala, pono no ke ola ke ola, loaʻa nā waiwai i kūpono ia no ka hana ʻana i nā mea he nui a no nā kaupaku i ka ʻoihana kūkulu. ʻAʻole ia he ferromagnetic āpau, māmā ia, maʻalahi a maʻalahi hoʻi, ʻoiai he mau mea maikaʻi ʻole ʻē aʻe e like me ke kūpaʻa ʻole ʻana, hana maikaʻi ʻana i ka wela a hana i kahi nui o ka walaʻau ke hoʻopili ʻia, no ka laʻana, e ka ua.
ʻO Aluminium. ʻO kēia kekahi o nā metala keu loa o ka honua. ʻAʻohe ona ikaika mīkini, akā maikaʻi naʻe ia no nā noi e like me ke kamana a, i nā mea paʻa ikaika, no ka lumi kuke a me nā pono o ka plumbing.
Kēpau. No nā makahiki he 10 i hoʻohana ʻia ai ke kēpau ma ke ʻano he mea nui i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana paipu o ko ka hale, ʻoiai he mea ductile ia, no ka hoʻohiwahiwa ʻana o ka molekole a me ke kūpaʻa nui. Eia nō naʻe, he mea ʻino ia i ke olakino, a ʻo ka wai e kahe ana i nā paipu kēpau e lilo i haumia i ka holo ʻana o ka manawa, ʻo ia ke kumu i pāpā ʻia ai kona hoʻohana ʻana ma nā ʻāina he nui.
Keleawe. ʻO ke keleawe kahi kukui, maʻalahi, ductile, metala uila a me kahi alakaʻi uila o ka uila. ʻO ia ke kumu o nā mea i makemake ʻia no nā hoʻonohonoho uila a uila paha, ʻoiai hoʻohana ʻia ia e hana i nā ʻāpana paipu. Kūlike ka hope i ke kaulike paʻa a me nā kūlana maikaʻi, e like me ka oxide keleawe (ʻōmaʻomaʻo ke kala) i mea ʻona.
Laau. Hoʻohana ʻia nā lāʻau he nui i ke kūkulu ʻana, ma ke ʻano ʻenehana a ma ka hopena hope loa. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, i nā ʻāina he nui kahi kuʻuna o ke kūkulu ʻana i nā hale lāʻau, ke hoʻohana pono nei i kona haʻahaʻa, kona hanohano a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana, ʻoiai ka maʻalahi o ka wai a me nā kau. I kēia manawa he nui nā papahele i hana ʻia i ka lāʻau varnished (parquet), ka hapa nui o nā puka a me kekahi mau waihona a me nā lako o kēlā ʻano.
Paukū. Kēia kēpau i loaʻa mai i ka lāʻau tropical o ka inoa like, i ʻike ʻia he latex, hāʻawi i nā hoʻohana he nui no ke kanaka, e like me ka hana ʻana i nā pākū, ka pale a me ka pale wai ʻana, a me nā ʻāpana o nā pale i nā hono a me nā resins pale no ka wahie a i ʻole nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe. , i ka mahele o ke kūkulu ʻana.
Linoleum. Loaʻa ʻia mai ka aila linseed paʻa, kāwili ʻia me ka palaoa lāʻau a i ʻole ka paukū cork, hoʻohana ʻia kēia mea i ke kūkulu ʻana e hana i nā uhi papahele, e hoʻohui mau ana i nā pigment a hāʻawi i ka mānoanoa kūpono e hoʻohana ai i kona palupalu, kūʻē i ka wai a me nā kumukūʻai hoʻokele waiwai.
ʻOhehe. Ke ulu nei kēia kumu lāʻau mai ka hikina i nā mauʻu ʻōmaʻomaʻo i hiki ke piʻi i 25 mau mika i ke kiʻekiʻe a 30 mau kenimika ka laulā, a i hoʻokahi manawa maloʻo a hoʻōla lākou e hoʻokō lākou i nā hana hoʻonaninani e hana pinepine ʻia i ke kūkulu komohana, a me nā hana o nā kaupaku. , palisades a i ʻole papahele wahaheʻe.
ʻO Cork. ʻO ka mea a mākou e kapa mau ai i ka cork, ʻaʻole ia he mea ʻē aʻe ma mua o ka bark o ka cork lāʻau ʻoka, i hana ʻia e suberin i loko o kahi porous, palupalu, lahilahi a me nā lole māmā i hoʻohana ʻia no nā pākaukau, e like me ka hoʻopihapiha ʻana i nā mea, e like me ka wahie (kona mana caloric like ia me ka lanahu ) a, i ka ʻāpana kūkulu, e like me ka hoʻopihapiha o ka papahele, ka pale ma waena o nā paia a me nā keʻena māmā.pālua a i ʻole paia maloʻo) a i nā noi hoʻonaninani.
Polystyrene. ʻO kēia polymer i loaʻa mai ka polymerization o nā hydrocarbons ʻaʻala (styrene), he mālamalama loa, ʻeleʻele a me nā mea wai ʻole, nona ka mana insulate nui a, no laila, hoʻohana ʻia me he insulator pumehana i nā hale i nā ʻāina hoʻoilo nui.
Mea pīlali. Hoʻohana maikaʻi ʻia kēia polika silikone ʻaʻohe hohono a kala ʻole hoʻi ma ke ʻano he sila a me ka mea pale wai ʻole i nā kūkulu a me ka paipu, akā he mea insulate hoʻi i nā hoʻonohonoho uila. ʻO kēia ʻano o nā mea i synthesize ʻia no ka manawa mua ma 1938 a mai ia manawa ua waiwai lākou i nā ʻano kanaka he nui.
Palapala Hoʻohana ʻia kēia mea pīlali, pālolo, kēpau kēpau, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi me ka bitumen, i mea pale wai ma luna o nā hale a me nā paia o nā hale he nui a I nā hihia hope, hana ia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻopaʻa a loaʻa mai ka ʻaila.
Nā Acrylics ʻO polymethylmethacrylate kona inoa ʻepekema a ʻo ia kekahi o nā plastics ʻenekini nui. Lanakila ia ma luna o nā lula ʻē aʻe no kona ikaika, transparency a me ke kūpale kūpale ʻana, e hana ana i mea pono e hoʻololi i ke aniani a i ʻole no nā noi hoʻonaninani.
Neoprene. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻano kāpili synthetic ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻopihapiha no nā panela sandwich a ma ke ʻano he gasket (hui wai ʻole a i ʻole gasket) e pale ai i ke kahe ʻana o nā wai ma ka hui o nā paipu, a me nā mea sealing i nā puka aniani a me nā puka hale ʻē aʻe.