20 Nā laʻana o ka iona - 'Ōuli

Wikiō: Ion - Liviu Rebreanu Film pentru bac-Calitate excelenta

Ke nalo ka ʻaukā a mole paha o kahi mea i kona neutrality uila hiki ke loaʻa ka hoʻomana o ion, ke kaʻina e pili ana i ka loaʻa a i ʻole nalo ʻana o ka lako maʻamau o nā electrons e hōʻike ana i ke ʻano atomic o kahi hui i kapa ʻia ʻo ionization. ʻO ka ʻike nui o ka hoʻokumu ion i pili i ka chemist English ʻO Humphrey davy (1778-1829) a me kāna haumāna, ʻO Michel Faraday (1791-1867).

ʻO ka iona Hoʻokumu ʻia ka Neg Negative charge e ka loaʻa ʻana o nā electrons a ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano ʻakaʻakai (no ka mea ua ʻume ʻia lākou i ka anode), ʻoiai ua hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻia kēlā mau mea ma muli o ka nalo ʻana o nā electron, ʻo ka mea maʻamau o ka iwi o waho loa, ua kapa ʻia lākou he cations (ʻoiai he ʻokoʻa kēia i nā anion, ʻumeʻume ʻia i ka cathode).

I ka anion, ʻO kēlā me kēia electron o ka atoma, he kūlike ʻole ia, paʻa paʻa ʻia e ka uku maikaʻi o ka nukelea; Eia nō naʻe, ʻokoʻa ke koena o nā electron ʻē aʻe i loko o ka atomo, i nā anion ʻaʻole hoʻohui ʻia ka electron hou i ka nucleus e nā ikaika Coulomb, pili ia i ka polarization o ka atom atom. Ma muli o ka hoʻohui o nā electrons, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā anion i ka atoma kūlike ʻole.

I ke ana wela o ka lumi, nui nā ʻona o nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe e hoʻopaʻa paʻa kekahi i kekahi ma hope o ke kaʻina maʻamau a kauoha ʻia e ala ai ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā aniani, e like me ka paʻakai pākaina ʻo ia ka sodium chloride. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine ʻia nā paʻakai. Ke hōʻike ʻia a hoʻohemo ʻia, ʻo nā iona ke kumu o nā kaʻina hana nui e like me ka electrolysis a hāʻawi i ke kumu i nā mea nui o ka honua hou e like me nā paila a me nā mea hōʻiliʻili. Komo nā iona ʻokoʻa i ka hana hoʻāʻo a me ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi ʻana o ka enzymatic, no laila ke ʻano o nā hopena biokimika he nui i hiki i nā mea ola.

ʻO nā mea i loaʻa i kahi ʻoihana nui loa e ionize maikaʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi, e nalo i nā uila a pēlā e hoʻoulu ai i nā cations, ʻo ia metala a halogensHoʻokumu kekahi mau mea nonmetal i mau anion, a ʻo nā kinoea hanohano e like me ka helium a me ka argon, ʻaʻole lākou he ion. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā cation ma mua o nā ʻoma ma muli o ka nalo ʻana o nā uila.

Ma ke ʻano laulā, ʻoi hou aku ka hopena o nā iona ma mua o nā mole kūleʻa a hiki ke lilo monatomic a i ʻole polyatomic, kūlohelohe a i ʻole meaola.

20 mau laʻana o nā iona i helu ʻia ma lalo, me nā anion, nā cation, nā monatomic a me nā ion pluriatomic.