20 Nā laʻana o nā Somatic Cells - 'Ōuli

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Nā laʻana o nā pūnaewele somatic

ʻO kaʻāpana somatic ʻo ia kēlā lilo i ka huina o nāʻaʻaʻa a me nā lālā o ke kino o nā meaola multicellular, i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana mai ka wahine a i ʻole nā hunaola germ (gametes) a me nā hunaola embryonic (nā hunaola kūmole). ʻO nā hunaola āpau e hana i nā pūnaewele, ka nā ʻoka a ʻo nā mea e hoʻopuni i ke koko a me nā wai hoʻoulu ʻole ʻē aʻe, i ke kumu. ʻāpana somatic.

ʻAʻole wale kēia ʻokoʻa i ka kikoʻī o kā lākou mau hana, akā i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo nō somatic cells are diploid type, ʻo ia hoʻi, loaʻa i loko o lākou nā moʻo ʻelua o chromosome kahi e loaʻa ai ka nui o ka ʻike pili kanaka.

A) ʻAe, ka genetic material of all somatic cells mea pono like. Ma kahi o, nā keena moekolohe a i ʻole gametes Loaʻa iā lākou kahi ʻano ʻikepili kū hoʻokahi, ma muli o ke ʻano kaulike o ka hoʻohui hou ʻana o ka ʻikepili i ka wā o kā lākou hana ʻana, kahi mea ʻole ma mua o ka hapalua o ka nui o ka ʻike o kēlā me kēia.

I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ke ʻenehana o kalaunu ʻana Aia i loko o ka lawe pono ʻana o kēia huina wai piha i loaʻa i loko o nā pūnaewele o ke kino o kahi mea ola, kahi mea hiki ʻole ke hana me ka sperm a i ʻole ka hua manu, no ka mea kaukaʻi i kekahi i kekahi e hoʻopau i ka ʻike kūpuna o kahi kanaka hou.

Nā laʻana o nā pūnaewele somatic

Nā myocytes. ʻO kēia ka inoa i hāʻawi ʻia i nā hunaola e hana i nā mākala like ʻole o ke kino, ʻo nā ʻaoʻao hoʻi a me ka ʻāʻī a me ka puʻuwai. ʻO kēia mau pūnaewele ʻike ʻia lākou e ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi elastis nui e ʻae iā lākou e hoʻomaha a loaʻa hou i ko lākou ʻano kumu, no laila e ʻae nei i ka neʻe a me ka ikaika.
Nā pūnaewele Epithelial. Uhi lākou i ka maka kūloko a me waho o ke kino, e hana ana i kahi nuipa i kapa ʻia ʻo epithelium a i ʻole epidermis, kahi i loaʻa i kekahi mau ʻāpana o ka ʻili a me nā membrane mucous. Pale ia i ke kino a me nā lālā mai nā kumu o waho, e hūnā pinepine ana i ka mucus a i ʻole nā mea ʻē aʻe.
Erythrocytes (ʻulaʻula koko). Devoid o ka nucleus a me ka mitochondria i loko o nā kānaka, Hāʻawi ʻia kēia mau hunaola koko me hemoglobin (e hāʻawi i ke koko i kona ʻulaʻula) e lawe i ka oxygen nui i nā palena o ke kino. Nui nā ʻano ʻē aʻe i nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula me ka pūliki, e like me nā manu.
Leukocytes (nā keʻokeʻo koko keʻokeʻo). Palekana a me nā pale pale o ke kino, i ka mālama ʻana i ka hana me nā ʻākena kūwaho e hiki ai ke hōʻeha i nā maʻi a i ʻole nā maʻi. Maʻamau hana lākou ʻānai ʻana nā kino haole a ʻae i kā lākou kipaku ʻia ma o nā ʻōnaehana excretion ʻokoʻae like me ka mimi, feces, mucus, etc.
Nā Neurona. ʻO nā pūnana nerve ʻaʻole wale ka lolo, akā ʻo ka iwi kuamoʻo a me nā hopena aʻa ʻokoʻa. kuleana no ka hoʻoili ʻana o nā impulses uila e hoʻohui i ka musculature o ke kino a me nā ʻōnaehana nui ʻē aʻe. Hana lākou i gigantic pūnaewele neural mai ka pilina o kāna dendrites.
Thrombocytes (platelet). Nā ʻāpana Cytoplasmic, ʻoi aku ma mua o nā hunaola, kūpono ʻole a me ka ʻole o kahi nucleus, maʻa mau i nā māmela āpau a pāʻani i nā kuleana nui i ka ulu a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o thrombi a i ʻole nā clots. Hiki i kona hemahema ke hopena i ke kahe.
Kanake a pulupulu paha. Aia nā keena ma ka retina o ka maka mamalia a hoʻokō i nā kuleana photoreceptor, i hoʻopili ʻia i ka ʻike ma nā wahi māmā liʻiliʻi.
ʻO Chondrocytes. ʻO lākou kahi ʻano o ka pūnaewele e hoʻopili i ka cartilage, ma hea hana i nā collagens a me nā proteoglycans, nā mea e kākoʻo i ka matrix cartilaginous. ʻOiai he mea nui ia no ke ola o ka cartilage, hana lākou i 5% wale nō o kāna nui.
Osteosit. ʻO nā pūnaewele e hana i nā iwi, me nā osteoclasts, mai nā osteoblast a ʻae i ka ulu o ka iwi. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale, hana nui lākou i ka hoʻokaʻawale a me ka reabsorption o ka matrix iwi a puni..
Nā Hepatosit. ʻO kēia nā pūnaewele o ke ake, kānana o ke koko a me nā meaola. Hoʻokumu lākou i ka parenchyma (nā mea hana) o kēia mea ola nui, e hūnā ana i ka bile e pono ai no nā kaʻina hana digestive a ʻae i nā pōʻaiapā metabolic ʻokoʻa o ka meaola.
Nā pūnaewele Plasma. ʻO kēia nā hunaola pale, e like me nā keʻokeʻo koko keʻokeʻo, ʻike ʻia ko lākou nui nui a no ka mea ke kuleana nei lākou no ka huna o lāʻau ʻino (immunoglobulins): nā mea o ke kauoha protein pono e ʻike i ka koʻohune, nā mea hoʻomaʻi a me nā kino haole i loaʻa i ke kino.
ʻO Adipocytes. Nā pūnaewele e hana ana i kaʻaola adipose (momona), hiki ke mālama i nā nui o nā triglycerides i loko, a lilo i kulu o ka momona. I na wahi i waihoia o lipids Hāʻawi ʻia ia i ka wā e emi ai nā pae o ka glucose i ke koko a pono pono e hele i nā waihona ikehu e hoʻomau me nā hana o ka meaola. ʻOiai, i hōʻiliʻili ʻia i ka nui loa, hiki i kēia mau momona ke hōʻike i kahi pilikia e lākou iho.
ʻO Fibroblasts. Nā kele o ka mea hoʻopili, kahi e hoʻolālā i ka loko o ke kino a hāʻawi i ke kākoʻo i nā mea like ʻole. ʻO kona ʻano heterogeneous a me nā ʻano e pili ana i kona wahi a me kāna hana, pono i ka hoʻoponopono kino ʻana. akā i nā laina laulā he mau huna o ka hou o nā olonā hoʻohui.
Nā Megakaryocytes. ʻO kēia mau pūnaewele nui, kekahi mau nuclei a me nā ramifications, hoʻohui i nāʻaʻaʻa hematopoietic (nā mea hana pūnaewele koko) mai ka iwi iwi a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO lākou ke kuleana no ka hana ʻana i nā platelet a i ʻole nā thrombosit mai nā ʻāpana o kā lākou cytoplasm ponoʻī.
Nā Macrophages. ʻO nā pūnaewele pale e like me nā lymphocytes, akā hana ʻia mai nā monocytes i hana ʻia e ka iwi iwi. ʻO lākou kahi ʻāpana o ka pale pale pale mua o nā aʻa, e ʻānai ana i kekahi kino haole (pathogen a i ʻole neoneo) e ʻae ai i ka neenee a me ka hana ʻana.. He mea nui lākou i ke kaʻina hana o ka mumū a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana o ka ʻaʻa, e ʻimi nei i nā hunaola i make a i ʻinoʻino ʻia.
Melanocyte. Aia ma ka ʻili, Na kēia mau hunaola ke kuleana o ka hana ʻana o melanin, kahi hui e hāʻawi i ka ʻili i kona kala a pale iā ia i nā kukuna o ka lā.. No nā hana o kēia nā pūnaewele pili ka ikaika o ka ʻili pigment, no laila ʻokoʻa kāna mau hana e like me ka lāhui.
Nā Pila. Loaʻa nā hunaola kūikawā i ka alveoli pulmonary, koʻikoʻi i ka hana o surfactant lolo: ka mea e hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka ʻalve alveolar i loko o nā akemāmā i ka wā o ka kipaku ʻia ʻana o ka ea a hoʻokō pū kekahi i nā hana immunological.
Nā pūnaewele Sertoli. Aia i loko o nā paipu seminiferous o nā testes, hāʻawi lākou i ke kākoʻo metabolic a me ke kākoʻo i nā pūnaewele i kuleana no ka hana ʻana o ka sperm. Hūnā lākou i kahi nui o nā hormoni a me nā mea e pili ana i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o nā gametes a kāohi i ka hana o nā pūnaewele Leydig.
Nā pūnaewele Leydig. Aia kēia mau hunaola i nā testes, kahi e hana ai lākou i ka hormone moekolohe koʻikoʻi i ke kino kāne: testosterone, pono no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ke kūlana moekolohe i nā ʻōpio.
Nā pūnaewele glial. ʻO nā keena o kaʻiʻo makaʻu e hāʻawi i ke kākoʻo a kōkua i nā neurons. ʻO kāna kuleana e kaohi i ka ionic a me ka biochemical mokuʻāina o ka nohona microcellular., ke pale nei i ke kaʻina kūpono o ka hoʻoili uila neural.