20 Nā laʻana o nā mea hana ʻino - 'Ōuli

Wikiō: АНТИСЕМИТИЗМ И ГОМОФОБИЯ. НЕНАВИСТЬ

Anter

Nā laʻana o nā mea corrosive
Hiki ke lawelawe iā ʻoe

ʻO ka mea hoʻowahāwahā ʻO lākou ka mea hiki ke luku a hōʻino ʻole paha i kēlā mau ʻilikai a lākou i launa pū ai.

Kūpilikiʻi nā mea kūpikipiki no mea ola, hiki ke hoʻonāukiuki a i ʻole nā wela o nā ʻili o ka ʻili, nā maka, nā puka hanu a i ʻole ka gastrointestinal tract i hiki ke alakaʻi maikaʻi i ka make. ʻO kēia mau ʻano hanana i ʻike ʻia he Burns kemika.

Pono e hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻano pono me nā mea hoʻopili kūpono: nā mīkina lima, nā lole, nā pale maka. I nā wahi i waiho ʻia a i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai, e like me nā lula kūwaho, e kikoʻī me a ikona ʻaʻai ʻaʻano.

ʻO ka maʻamau, nā mea hoʻowahāwahā he pH loa, ʻo ia hoʻi waikawa a me ke kumu, ʻoiai hiki iā lākou ke lilo i mea hoʻowaiwai nui a i ʻole ʻano ʻē aʻe. I ka launa pū ʻana me nā acid acid catalyze lipid hydrolysis a i ʻole denaturation o protein. ʻO nā kumu, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē, hoʻomaloʻo i nā meaola i kahi ala loa.

Nā laʻana o nā mea corrosive

ʻAkika Hydrochloric. Me ke kumumanaʻo HCl, a ʻike ʻia pū kekahi waikawa hope a i ʻole kālai ʻanaHe mea maʻamau ka lawe ʻana mai iā ia mai ka paʻakai o ke kai, a i ʻole hana ʻia e ia i ka wā o ke ahi o kekahi mau lula. He corrosive loa ia a he pH kona ma lalo o ka 1, ʻo ia ke kumu e hoʻohana ʻia ai ia me he mea hoʻoheheʻe, ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻenehana a i ʻole he catalyst i ka hana ʻana i nā mea ʻē aʻe.
ʻAkika Nitric. No ka haʻina HNO₃, he wai viscous i hoʻohana mau ʻia ma ke keʻena hoʻokolohua, no ka mea he ʻāpana ia o nā mea e hana i Trinitrotoluene (TNT) a i ʻole nā mea kanu like ʻole e like me ka amonium nitrate. Hiki ke loaʻa ka mea i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka ua waikawa, kahi i ʻike ʻia hanana hanana hopena o ka hoʻohaumia wai.
ʻAkika sulfuric. ʻO kāna hana H₂SW₄ aʻo ia kekahi o nā huahana elaborate i ka honua, no ka mea hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e loaʻa nā mea momona, a i ʻole synthesize i nā waikawa, sulfates a i ʻole i ka petrochemical ʻoihana. He mea pono pū kekahi i ʻoihana o nā kila kila a me ka hana ʻana o nā ʻano like ʻole iuo aaoa ?..
ʻAkika formic. ʻIke ʻia me ka waikawa methanoic a me ke ʻano CH₂A I OLE₂, ʻo ia ka mea maʻalahi o nā acid acid, hūnā pinepine ʻia e nā pepeke e like me ka ʻulaʻula (Formica rufa) a i ʻole nā nalo meli ma ke ʻano he pale pale ʻona. Hana ʻia ia e nā nettles, a i ʻole i ka ua waikawa ma muli o ka haumia o ka lewa. I nā mea liʻiliʻi hiki ke hoʻonāukiuki i nā mea liʻiliʻi, akā ʻoiai he kumu maoli ia he waikawa ikaika.
ʻO ka waikawa acetic paʻa. Kapa ʻia ka methylcarboxyl acid a i ʻole ka ethanoic acid a me ka kemika C₂H₄A I OLE₂, ʻo ia ka waikawa o ka vīnega, kahi e hāʻawi ai i kona ʻano ʻawaʻawa a me ka pilau. He waikawa ʻokanika hoʻi ia, e like me ka waikawa formic, akā nāwaliwali loa ia no laila ʻano ʻokoʻa nā noi a ʻaʻole makaʻu. ʻOiai, i nā koina kiʻekiʻe loa he mea weliweli ia i ke olakino.
Zinc chloride. Zinc chloride (ZnCl₂) he a paʻa ʻoi aku a emi iki paha o ke keʻokeʻo a me ka crystalline, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai, hoʻohana ākea ʻia i ka ʻoihana lole a ma ke ʻano he catalyst i ka hale hana. ʻAʻole ia he mea ʻawahia, akā i ke alo o ka wai e hana exothermically (ʻo ia hoʻi i ka lewa kūlohelohe) a hiki ke ʻino loa, keu hoʻi i ka cellulose a me ka siliki.
ʻO ka chloride alumini. ʻO ke kumuhana AlCl₃, Pili ia a hoʻohuihui ka mea he acidic a me ka waiwai kumu i ka manawa like, ke kaumaha ma muli o ka mea ia dilute. He ʻilihune ia alakaʻi uila a he wahi hoʻoheheʻe haʻahaʻa kāna a me kahi kiko e hoʻolapalapa ai, ʻo ia ke kumu e hoʻohana ʻia ai i nā hana kemika ma ke ʻano he catalyst no nā hopena, i ka mālama lāʻau a i ʻole i ka ʻāwahi ʻia o ka aila. Hōʻike ka hōʻike ʻana i kēia hui i nā mea weliweli loa i ke kino, a hiki ke haʻalele i ka sequelae paʻa i kahi manawa pōkole o ka hōʻike ʻana a me ka mālama olakino wikiwiki.
ʻO Boron trifluoride. ʻO BF kāna hana₃ a he kinoea ʻawahia kala ʻole ia e hana i nā ao keʻokeʻo i ka ea pulu. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ia i ke keʻena hoʻokolohua ma ke ʻano he waikawa lewis a i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea hoʻohui ʻē aʻe me ka boron. He aila hao ikaika loa ia, hiki ke ʻai i ke kila kila i ke alo o ka wela.
Sodium hydroxide. ʻO ka caustic soda a i ʻole ka soda caustic, me ke kumumanaʻo NaOH, kahi kumu desiccant loa i kū e like me ka crystalline keʻokeʻo a me nā aʻaʻohe hohono, nona ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka wai a i ʻole. ʻākika hana i nā nui o ka wela. Hoʻohana ʻia ia i nā pākēneka ʻoi aku a ʻoi paha o ka maʻemaʻe ʻole i ka pepa, ʻoihana lole a me nā mea holoi lole, a me ka ʻoihana aila.
Pāpūkona hydroxide. ʻIke ʻia e like me ka caash potash a me ka kemika kemikala KOH, he mea nui ʻole ia o ka desiccant inorganic compound, nona ka ʻaina kūlohelohe e hoʻohana ʻia i nā noi ma ke ʻano he saponifier aila (i ka hana ʻana o ke kopa). Kona exputmic i loko o ka wai ka exothermic, ʻo ia hoʻi, hoʻonui ia i ka ikehu wela.
Sodium hydride. Me ke kumumanaʻo NaH, he waiwai wailana maikaʻi ʻole ʻia me ke kala aniani, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e like me a kahua ikaika e like me ka hiki iā ia ke deprotonizing i nā ʻākoʻakoʻa acid. Ma waho aʻe o kēlā, he desiccant mana ia, no ka mea, mālama ia i nā nui o ka hydrogen, e hana ana ia mea caustic a hoʻohana ʻia me he mea hoʻoheheʻe.
ʻO Dimethyl sulfate. Ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau, ua hoʻohui ʻia kēia ʻano hoʻohui kemikala C₂H₆A I OLE₄He wai ʻole a wai ʻole ʻo S, me kahi ʻaʻala onion liʻiliʻi, i helu ʻia ma ke ʻano he alkylator ikaika. He mea ʻawaʻawa nui ia: carcinogenic, mutagenic, corrosive a me nā mea make, no laila hoʻohana mau ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kaʻina hana methylation me nā reagents ʻē aʻe i palekana. He weliweli a maʻalahi hoʻi ia o ke kaiapuni, ʻo ia ke kumu i manaʻo pinepine ʻia ai he mea kaua kemika paha.
Phenol (waikawa carbolic). Hoʻohui kemikala C₆H₆A i ʻole a lehulehu nā inoa koho, ʻo kēia hui i kona ʻano maʻemaʻe kahi keʻokeʻo a keʻokeʻo ʻole o ka crystalline crystalline, hiki ke synthesize ʻia mai ka hoʻohenehene o benzene. Loaʻa iā ia i ka noi kiʻekiʻe ma ka resin ʻoihana, a me ka hana ʻana i nā nylon, akā ma ke ʻano he fungicides, antiseptics a me nā disinfectants. Māmā a maʻalahi ka pala.
ʻO Acetyl chloride. Kapa ʻia ʻo ethanoyl chloride, he halide ia i lawe ʻia mai ka ethanoic acid, a ma ke ana wela a me ke kaomi ke kala ʻole. He hui ia ʻaʻole i kū i ke kūlohelohe, no ka mea i ke alo o ka wai e pala i loko o ka ethanoic acid a me ka hydrochloric acid. Hoʻohana ākea ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he colorant, disinfectant, insecticide a ʻoiai he anesthetic, ʻoiai he corrosive e ka hopena.
ʻO Sodoma hypochlorite. Kaulana ʻia mea keʻokeʻo Ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka wai, ʻo kēia hui me ke ʻano kemika NaClO kahi oxidant ikaika a hana hou me ka chlorine, a pēlā e hana ai i nā kinoea make lethally. Hoʻohana ākea e like me ke keʻokeʻo, hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai a me ka disinfectant, ʻoiai i loko o kekahi mau concentrations hiki iā ia ke hoʻonā i nā meaola i ka hoʻopili ʻana.
ʻO Benzyl Chloroformate. He wai aila ia me kahi ʻala ʻoluʻolu ʻole e hiki ke ʻano mai ke kala ʻole a i ka melemele a loaʻa iā ia ke ʻano kemika C₈H₇ʻO ClO₂. ʻO ka weliweli no ke kaiapuni a me nā holoholona wai, lilo ia i phosphogen ke wela a lilo i ahi nui loa. He carcinogenic a me ka popopo loa.
Nā metala alkali maʻamau. ʻO nā metala alkali i loko o kāna hōʻike hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me nā mea pono ʻole, e like me ka lithium (Li), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs) a Francium (Fr) hoʻi, wikiwiki koke me ka oxygen a me ka wai, no laila ʻaʻole lākou ʻike ʻia i ke kūlohelohe i kā lākou kūlana kumumea. I nā hihia ʻelua ua hana ʻino lākou, e hoʻomāhuahua ana i ka nui o ka wela, ʻo ia ke kumu e hoʻonāukiuki ai a pale paha lākou i ke olakino.
ʻO ka phosphorous pentoxide. Kaulana ʻia phosphorous oxide (V) a i ʻole ʻokikopiko paʻakai, he pauka keʻokeʻo o ka mole mika P₂A I OLE₅. ʻOiai keu hygroscopic (desiccant), loaʻa nā waiwai corrosive nui a me ka hoʻopili ʻana i kēlā me kēia ʻano me ke kino e hōʻalo. Eia kekahi, ʻo kona hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka wai e hoʻopuka i kahi waikawa ikaika e pane i ke alo o nā metala, e hoʻoulu ana i nā kinoea ʻino a me nā ahi.
Kalepona ʻoka. Kāhea liuliu a me ke ʻano kemika CaO, he mea hoʻohana i hoʻohana lōʻihi ʻia e nā kānaka, i loaʻa mai ka pōhaku limestone. Loaʻa iā ia nā noi i ke kūkulu ʻana a me ka mahiʻai, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ia he mea ʻawahia a corrosive paha, akā ke hui ʻia me ka wai e hana exothermically, no laila hiki ke hoʻonāukiuki i ka hanu hanu, ka ʻili a i ʻole ke kumu o ka pōʻino o ka maka.
Amonia hoʻoliʻiliʻi. ʻO ka amonia maʻamau, kahi kinoea kala ʻole me ka ʻaʻala repulsive i haku ʻia o ka naikokene (NH₃), hana ʻia i nā ʻano ʻokanika like ʻole e hoʻopau iā ia i ke kaiapuni ma muli o kāna ʻona. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, aia ia i ka mimi kanaka. Eia nō naʻe, hoʻopuka ka hapa nui o kāna mau concentrations i nā kinoea corrosive e hōʻeha loa i ke kaiapuni, ʻoi aku i nā mea e like me ka amonia anhydride.