Nā Catalist maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole

Anter

• Nā laʻana o ka hōʻeleu maikaʻi
• Nā laʻana o ka hōʻino hōʻino

Kāhea ʻia catalysis i ke kaʻina hana kemika o ka wikiwiki a hoʻolōʻihi ʻana paha i kahi hopena kemika, mai ka hoʻohui ʻana o kahi mea a i ʻole ʻūmū, nā maʻalahi a me ka hui pū, e hoʻololi i nā manawa hopena me ka ʻole o ke ʻano o ka huahana hope loa o ia a, eia kekahi, me ka nalo ʻole o kāna nui ponoʻī i ke kaʻina hana, i hana ʻia me nā mea reagents.

Kāhea ʻia kēia mea hōʻeleu. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia hopena kemika kahi catalyst kūpono, hiki ke hoʻonui, hoʻonui a hoʻomaikaʻi paha (hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo maikaʻi), a i ʻole huli lohi, hoʻēmi a hoʻonāwaliwali hoʻi (hōʻoki hōʻino) kāu kaʻina. Hoʻomaopopo pinepine ʻia ka hope ma ke ʻano he mea kāohi.

E nānā pū: Nā laʻana o Catalysts (a me kā lākou mau hana)

Nā laʻana o ka hōʻeleu maikaʻi

1. Mahana. Hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ka hapa nui o nā hopena kemika me ka hoʻololi ʻole ʻana i kā lākou huahana, ma ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka mahana o ka meakino hana. No kēia kumu i ka palaho o ka mea kū wikiwiki i nā tropika.
2. Nā Enzim. Hoʻokaʻawale kūlohelohe ʻia e ke kino o nā mea ola, hana nui nā ʻākena i ka hana catalytic nui, e hōʻeleu nei i nā kaʻina hana nui, inā kū lākou i kā lākou iho, e koi ana i nā mahana i kūlike ʻole ʻole me ke ola. (nānā: ʻelima hoʻoweliweli)
3. Nā catalist o Palladium. No nā kaʻa e hoʻohana ana i ka gasolina unleaded, nā paipu me ka palladium a i ʻole ka platinum i nā huna liʻiliʻi e pili ana i ka luhi o nā kaʻa, hiki iā lākou ke catalyze i ke kaʻina hana o ka carbon monoxide a me nā kinoea ʻona ʻē aʻe o ka puhi ʻana, e ʻae ana e hōʻemi iā lākou i nā mea pono emi weliweli i ka manawa hoʻopaʻa.
4. Nā kūmole Fluorine. Hoʻoikaika lākou i ka decomposition o ka ozone (O₃ → ʻO + ʻO₂) i ka oxygen, he hopena i lohi pinepine. ʻO kēia ka pilikia o nā aerosol a me nā pahu hau e hoʻokuʻu i nā CFC i ka lewa: catalyze lākou i ka ozone layer i kēia ʻano.
5. Makanekiuma dioxide (MnO₂). ʻO kahi catalyst pinepine i ka decomposition o Hydrogen Peroxide a i ʻole hydrogen peroxide (2H₂A I OLE₂ → 2H₂ʻO + ʻO₂) i ka wai a me ka oxygen.
6. Nickel. Hoʻohana ʻia i ka hydrogenation o nā aila mea kanu, e loaʻa ai ka margarine, ʻoiai e hoʻonui kēia metala i ke kaʻina hana o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā lipid saturated.
7. Kālā kālā. ʻO ke kālā Polycrystalline a me ka nanoporose he mea wikiwiki i ke kalapona kalapona (CO₂) e ka uila.
8. ʻO ka chloride alumini. ʻO ka limahana ma ka ʻoihana ʻoihana petrochemical e hoʻolalelale i ka hana ʻana o nā resins synthetic a i ʻole nā ​​lubricants, me ka hoʻololi ʻole i ke ʻano lahilahi o ʻāpana uila i ka nīnau, ʻoiai he acidic a me nā waiwai maʻamau i ka manawa like (amphoteric waiwai).
9. ʻO ka hao. Hoʻohana ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he catalyst i ke kaʻina ʻo Haber-Bosch e loaʻa ai ka amonia mai ka hydrogen a me ka nitrogen.
10. Kukui UV. ʻO ke kukui uila ultviolet, me a mea hoʻoheheʻe kikoʻī, hana i photocatalysis: ka hoʻonui o kahi hopena kemika e ka hana o ka catalyst i hoʻoulu ʻia e ka ikehu māmā o ultraviolet.

Nā laʻana o ka hōʻino hōʻino

1. Mahana. E like me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka mahana e hoʻonui i ka nā hana kemika, ke hoʻopaneʻe nei ka emi ʻana o ia mea iā lākou. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka hoʻomaʻalili, e laʻa, e hoʻolōʻihi i ke ola o ka meaʻai ma ka mālama ʻana iā ia i kahi mahana haʻahaʻa.
2. ʻAkika sitika. ʻO ka waikawa o ka lemon a me nā hua citrus ʻē aʻe e lohi i ke kaʻina hana hoʻoheheʻe o ka mea ʻokanika.
3. Nā mea hoʻopalau Enzyme. ʻO nā meaolaolaola e hoʻopaʻa i nā enzyme a hoʻēmi i kā lākou hana, e hoʻōki i nā hana kemika a i ʻole nā ​​meaola. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia lākou e hakakā nā microorganism pathogenic, ke kāohi nei i kahi hana nui no kāna hana hou.
4. Pālapa koleka. Hoʻohana ʻia i nā kaʻina polū, kahi i hoʻopili ʻia ai ka kila magnetite e hoʻolohi a pale ai paha i kāna hana kahe.
5. ʻAkika Sorbic. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa kūlohelohe i hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻoihana meaʻai e hoʻolohi i ka decomposition o ka meaʻai.
6. Kēpau Tetraethyl. I loko o ka penehina i alakaʻi ʻia i kēia manawa, ua hoʻohana ʻia kēia mea me he antiknock, ʻo ia hoʻi, e pale aku i kāna pahū mua.
7. ʻAkika propanoic. ʻO kahi wai kala ʻole, ʻaʻai ʻia me kahi onaona pungent, kūpono ia no ka mālama ʻana i ka hānai, nā meaʻai a me nā huahana lāʻau lapaʻau, no ka mea he mana antifungal a me ka mea hoʻoheheʻe ulu hoʻoheheʻe.
8. Sulfura a me nā mea loaʻa. Hana kēia mau hui e like me nā mea kāohi o ka catalysis maikaʻi o ka platinum pauka a i ʻole nickel i nā hopena hydrogenation. Kū ka hiʻohiʻona o ka sulfur i ka hopena a hoʻi ka hopena i kona wikiwiki maʻamau.
9. ʻAkika Hydrocyanic (a i ʻole prussic). ʻO ke kūpikipiki loa, hopena ka hopena i nā holoholona a i ʻole nā ​​kānaka i ke kaʻina hana o nā metalloenzymes lehulehu, no laila e pale ana i ka hanu ʻana o ke kelepona a make i loko o kekahi mau minuke.
10. Mercury, phosphorus, a i ʻole mahu arsenic. Hoʻopau loa kēia mau mea i ka hana o ka asbestos platinum i ka hana ʻana o ka waikawa sulfuric, e hana nei ma ke ʻano he mea kāohi nui.