Anter
ʻO ka koʻohune he mea ola lākou unicellular a ʻo lākou nō meaola prokaryotic. ʻO kēia ka mea o kāna ʻano genetic, kahi mole DNA ākea pālua, manuahi i ka cytoplasm, ʻaʻole i paʻa i loko o ka nucleus.
Ma muli o nā microfossil a me nā stromatolites (nā kolone fossil o nā koʻohune i huikau ʻia me nā minelala) i loaʻa i loko o nā sediment mai nā wā kālaihonua like ʻole, a ʻo nā pōhaku sedimentary hoʻi ma mua o 3.5 biliona makahiki, ua ʻōlelo ʻia aia nō nā bacteria mai nā wā kahiko loa.
No ka lōʻihi o ko lākou ola ʻana no kahi wā lōʻihi o ka mōʻaukala o ka Honua kahi ʻaʻohe ʻano o ke ola ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, hoʻolauna ka bacteria i nā hanana evolutionary nui loa.
- E nānā pū:Nā mea hoʻomaʻi (biology)
Nā ʻano bacteria
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa mau ʻia i kēia lā i nā hui nui ʻelua:
- ʻO ka bacteria: pani ʻia e lanakila i ka nohona kūlohelohe i kēia lā, me ke kū ʻana o nā pae okoa o ka oxygen a me nā metabolism like ʻole.
- ʻO ka Archaea: kū laha i ka evolution mahele mua, me nā metabolism i hoʻololi ʻia i nā kūlana kaiāulu koʻikoʻi, e like me ka nele o ka oxygen (hoʻomanaʻo e, e like me nā noiʻi koʻikoʻi, ʻaʻohe oxygen ma ka honua a hiki i ka hiki ʻana o nā mea kanu, nā meaola oxygen nui,) a i ʻole nā paʻakai a i ʻole nā wahi kaiāika loa a wela wela.
Ka mea nui kūleʻa holomua Hāʻawi ʻia ka bacteria i kā lākou mea pūʻiwa versability metabolic. Hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia nā ʻano hana āpau o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka mea a me ka ikaika kū lākou i nā papa like ʻole o ka bacteria.
- E nānā pū: Nā laʻana o nā Microorganism
Nā laʻana o nā koʻohune
| ʻO Escherichia coli | Bacillus thuringiensis |
| Bacillus subtilis | ʻO Clostridium botulinum |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | ʻO Clostridium tetani |
| ʻO Nitrobacter winogradsky | Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
| ʻO Thiobacillus ferooxidans | ʻO Falvobacterium wai wai |
| Rodospirillum rubrum | ʻO Azotobacter chroococcum |
| ʻO Chloroflexus aurantiacus | Neisseria gonorrhaea |
| Enterobacter aerogenes | Haemophilus influenza |
| ʻO Serratia marcescens | ʻO Yersinia enterocolitica |
| ʻO Salmonella typhi | Staphylococcus aureus |
Ka mea nui
ʻO ka koʻohune Nui a koʻikoʻi lākou i ke kūlohelohe, no ka mea aia lākou i nā pōʻai kūlohelohe o nā mea nui no ke ola: nitrogen, carbon, phosphorus, sulfur, etc.
Mei hoʻololi i ka meaola i loko o nā mea inorganic a ʻo ka ver versa. ʻOiai he nui nā bacteria he pathogenic a kumu i ka maʻi i nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona (me nā kānaka).
Hoʻohana ʻia nā mea ʻē aʻe he nui i nā ʻano like ʻole nā hana ʻenehana, e like me ka hana meaʻai a me nā mea inu ʻalekohola lāʻau, mai antibiotic, etc.
Nā ʻano
ʻO ka koʻohune He microscopic lākou a ma waho o ka membrane e hoʻopili ana i kā lākou cytoplasm aia kahi hanana i kapa ʻia ka paia o ka pūnaewele. ʻOi aku ma waho, aia kekahi mau bacteria e hana i kahi ʻano like jelly i kapa ʻia kapule.
Hoʻohālike ʻia nā bacteria e ka binary binary a me ka wikiwiki loa, no laila nui loa lākou. Ma muli o kā lākou ʻano metabolism like ʻole, hiki iā lākou ke holomua i nā wahi he nui e like me:
- ʻO ka wai momona a me ka paʻakai
- Mea hoʻomeamea
- Honua
- Nā hua a me nā hua
- Mea kanu
- Nā holoholona, ma loko a ma luna hoʻi o kā lākou papa
Hui pū nā bacteria he nui ke hana nei i nā hui, nā kaulahao a i ʻole nā pūʻolo; paʻa pinepine lākou; ʻo ka flagellum (kahi ʻano me ka hoʻopili lōʻihi) ke ʻano e hāʻawi mau i ka neʻe, akā ʻaʻole hoʻokahi wale nō. Kāhea ʻia ke ʻano o nā koʻohune i ka moʻomeheu he kolone.
E hāhai me:
- Nā laʻana o ka Gram Positive a me ka Gram Negative Bacteria
- Nā laʻana o nā Unicellular Organism
- Nā laʻana o nā Prokaryotic a me nā Eukaryotic Organism
