Nā Antibiotics (a me nā mea no lākou)

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• Nā laʻana o nā antibiotic a me kā lākou hoʻohana

ʻO ka antibiotic He lākou ʻano kemika loaʻa mai nā mea ola a synthesized synthetic paha, nona ka waiwai nui o pale i ka ulu a hoʻolaha ʻana o kekahi mau microorganism pathogenic i pili i kāna hana.

ʻO ka antibiotic Hoʻohana ʻia lākou i ka lāʻau lapaʻau o nā kānaka, nā holoholona a me nā mea kanu e kūʻē i nā maʻi o ke kumu kūmole, ʻo ia ke kumu i ʻike ʻia ai lākou he mau antibacterial.

ʻ speakinglelo ākea, ka lapaʻau antibiotic hana like hoʻokahi chemotherapy, ʻo ia hoʻi, ke kahe ana i ke kino me nā mea e hoʻopōʻino ai i ke ola pūnaewele, kahi a ka meaolaola ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka pathogen a i ʻole ka mea komo hewa ma mua o nā pūnaewele ʻano maikaʻi.

ʻO ka manaʻo o ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia koʻohune ua hoʻohuli ʻia e ka hoʻohana pilikino ʻole o nā lāʻau antibiotic, e hoʻolaha ana i nā ʻano kūʻē iā lākou. No kēia kumu, ua synthesi ʻia nā hanauna hou o ka mana a i ʻole nā ​​hana kikoʻī kikoʻī.

Nā laʻana o nā antibiotic a me kā lākou hoʻohana

• Penikila. Loaʻa mai ka fungus penikila na Enerst Duchesne i 1897 a hōʻoia ʻole ʻia e Alexander Fleming, ʻo ia ka antibiotic i hoʻopili mua ʻia a hoʻohana ʻia me ka lehulehu. No laila, ʻae ʻē ke kūpale i nā maʻi bacteria he nui iā ia, akā hoʻomau ia e hoʻohana ʻia i ka pneumococci, streptococci a me staphylococci, a me ka nui o nā maʻi i loko o ka ʻōpū, ke koko, nā iwi, nā hono a me nā meninges. Aia kekahi mau mea maʻi i maʻi āpau i kāna ʻano i hiki ʻole ke mālama ʻia me ia.
• Arsphenamine. ʻO ka antibiotic kūpono mua, no ka mea ua hoʻohana ʻia ma mua o ka penicillin e kūʻē i ka syphilis. Loaʻa mai ka arsenic, ua hoʻāʻo ʻia i nā manawa he nui a hiki i ka wā ʻaʻole ia he mea ʻawahia i ka mea maʻi, ʻoiai ma ka nui he make nō ia. Ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia e penicillin, kahi ʻoi aku ka palekana a me ka maikaʻi.
• ʻErythromycin. ʻO ka antibiotic mua o ka hui o macrolides, ʻo ia hoʻi, i hāʻawi ʻia me nā apo mole lactone, ua ʻike ʻia ma 1952 mai nā koʻohune ma ka lepo Pilipino. He hopena maikaʻi ia e kūʻē gram bacteria maikaʻi o ka ʻōpū a me nā ʻōpū hanu, a me Chlamydia i ka wā hāpai, akā he ʻaoʻao maikaʻi ʻole ia.
• Kanamycin. No ka hoʻohana kapu ʻia ma muli o ka nui o ka onaona, maikaʻi loa ʻo Kanamycin e kūʻē i ka tuberculosis, mastitis, nephritis, septicemia, pneumonia, actinobacillosis a ʻoi loa i nā ʻino e kū ʻole i ka erythromycin. Hoʻohana ʻia ia, me nā antibiotic ʻē aʻe, ma ke ʻano he hoʻomākaukau no ka kolona.
• ʻAmikaka. Mai ka hui o aminoglycosides, hana ia ma ke kaʻina hana bacteria o protein, ke kāohi iā lākou mai ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kā lākou kūkulu pūnaewele. ʻO ia kekahi o nā lāʻau antibiotic e kūʻē i nā ʻano kūʻē i ke koena o kāna hui a hoʻohana ʻia i nā hihia koʻikoʻi o ka sepsis, a i ʻole kūʻē paha i nā meaola gram-maikaʻi ʻole.
• ʻO Clarithromycin. ʻImi ʻia e nā ʻepekema Kepanī i ka makahiki 1970, ke ʻimi nei lākou i kahi mana o ka erythromycin me ka liʻiliʻi o nā hopena, hoʻohana mau ʻia ia i nā ʻili, ka umauma a me nā maʻi hanu, a me nā mea maʻi HIV e hana me nā Mycobacterium avium.
• ʻO Azithromycin. Loaʻa mai ka erythromycin a me kahi hapalua o ke ola, ʻo kāna lāʻau i hāʻawi ʻia hoʻokahi manawa i ka lā. Kūpono nui ʻia i ka bronchitis, ka niumonia, a me ka moekolohe a i ʻole nā ​​maʻi maʻi urinary, a me nā maʻi kamaliʻi.
• ʻO Ciprofloxacin. Pālahalaha ākea, hoʻouka pololei ia i ka DNA bacteria, e pale ana iā ia mai ka hana hou. Ma kahi kūʻē i ka papa inoa lōʻihi o nā koʻohune, mālama ʻia ia no ka wā pōpilikia antibiotic, ʻoiai he palekana a wikiwiki ia, akā no ka hui kūpaʻa ʻo antibiotic āpau o nā mea āpau: fluoroquinolones.
• ʻO Cefadroxil. Mai ka hui o ka hanauna mua, cephalosporins ākea ākea, pili kēia antibiotic i nā maʻi o ka ʻili (nā ʻeha, nā wela), nā ʻōnaehana hanu, nā iwi, nā aʻa palupalu a me nā maʻi genitourinary.
• Loracarbef. Hōʻike ʻia i nā hihia o ka otitis, sinusitis, pneumonia, pharyngitis a i ʻole tonsillitis, akā no nā maʻi urinary hoʻi, he hua kēia antibiotic o nā cephalosporins o ka hanauna ʻelua, no kahi papa hou: karakemeko.
• Vancomycin. Mai ke kauoha o glycopeptides, hūnā ʻia ia e kekahi mau koʻohune nunui. He maikaʻi loa ia e kūʻē i ka gram maikaʻi, ʻaʻole maikaʻi ʻole, bacteria a hoʻohana nui ʻia, ʻoiai he nui nā ʻano kūʻē kū ʻole i ka lāʻau.
• ʻAmoxicillin. He kumu ia o ka penicillin, me ka laulā ākea, kūpono i ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi hanu a me nā ʻili a me ka nui o nā maʻi bacteria, ʻo ia ke kumu e hoʻohana mau ʻia ai i ka lāʻau lapaʻau kanaka a me nā holoholona.
• ʻO Ampicillin. No loko mai o ka penicillin, hoʻohana nui ʻia ia mai ka 1961 e kūʻē i ka meningococci a me ka listerias, a me ka pneumococci a me ka streptococci, akā ʻo ka enterococci.
• ʻO Aztreonam. No ke kumu synthetic, loaʻa iā ia kahi hopena maikaʻi loa akā kahi kahiki loa: aerobic gram-negative bacteria. He pani kūpono ia i nā mea maʻi e maʻi i ka penicillin, inā kūpono lākou.
• Bacitracin. ʻO kona inoa mai ke kaikamahine mai nona ka tibia i lawe ʻia mai ai ka bacteria mai loko mai o ia: Tracy. Pili a kūwaho hoʻi kāna noi, ʻoiai he mea ʻino ia nā puʻupaʻa, akā pono ia e kūʻē i nā bacteria bacteria-maikaʻi i nā ʻeha a me nā membrane mucous. ʻO ia kekahi o nā lāʻau antibiotic e kuleana nui i ke ʻano o nā ʻano virulent a kūpaʻa.
• ʻO Doxycycline. Pili ia i nā tetracyclines, pono kūʻē iā gram maikaʻi a me nā koʻohune maikaʻi ʻole, a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e kūʻē i ka niumonia, huehue, syphilis, maʻi Lyme a me ka malaria.
• ʻO Clofazimine. Synthesized i ka 1954 e kūʻē i ka maʻi puʻupuʻu, ʻaʻole ia e maikaʻi loa, a lilo ia i mea nui e kūʻē i ka maʻi lepera.
• ʻO Pyrazinamide. I ka hui pū ʻana me nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia ka lapaʻau nui no ka maʻi kō.
• Sulphadiazine. Hoʻonohonoho pinepine ʻia e kūʻē i nā maʻi urinary tract, a me toxoplasmosis, hoʻohana maʻalahi ʻia ia e hōʻike ana i nā hopena e like me vertigo, nausea, diarrhea a me anorexia.
• Colistin. Pono e kūʻē i nā bacilli maikaʻi maikaʻi ʻole a kūʻē i nā hua bacteria polyresistant e like me Pseudomonas aeruginosa a i ʻole ʻO Acinetobacter, ke hoʻololi nei i ka permeability o kā lākou membrane pūnaewele. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke loaʻa nā hopena neuro a nephrotoxic.