Anter
ʻO ka nā alkene he mau mea hoʻohui i loko o nā paʻa pālua ʻo kalapona-kalapona, pane i ke ʻano mole CnH2n; Kāhea ʻia nā alkene ʻōlohelohe he olefins a kūlike i nā pūʻulu hydrocarbons unsaturated aliphatics, mea nui i ka hana ʻaila.
Aia nā kaulahao pōkole, waena a lōʻihi paha; aia kekahi mau alkene cyclic a i ʻole cycloalkenes a aia kekahi mau alkene i loko o ka nā mea hoʻohui ʻokanika.
ʻO kaalkenes, ke paʻa nei i ka paʻa paʻa kalapona-kalapona, i emi hydrogens ma mua o alkane me ka helu kaulike o nā hunaahi kalapona. Hōʻike ʻia ke kūlana o ka hoʻopaʻa pālua e ka hoʻokomo ʻana ma mua o ka hope "-ʻolelo"ʻO ka mua Latin i hōʻike i ka helu o ke kalapona kahi e hoʻomaka ai ka hoʻopaʻa pālua (tetra, penta, octa, a pēlā aku); kapa ʻia nā substituents (ʻo ka manawa mau o chlorine, bromine, ethyl, methyl, a pēlā aku.
Kahakaha: Hāʻawi ʻia i ka paʻakikī o ka inoa kemika i hoʻokumu ʻia e like me ka pae IUPAC, he nui nā inoa alkene kūlohelohe i nā inoa nani, pili pinepine i kā lākou kumu maoli.
ʻO ka nā alkene a i ʻehā mau kalapona ʻenekini i ke ana wela o ka lumi, ʻo ka poʻe me 4 a 18 paha mau kalapona wai aʻo ka lōʻihi loa paʻa. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia lākou i nā mea hoʻoheheʻeolaola e like me ka ether a i ʻole ka waiʻona, a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā alkane e pili ana, ʻoiai he wahi hoʻoheheʻe haʻahaʻa a me kahi kiko e hoʻolapalapa ai lākou. Ma muli o ka haunaele i hana ʻia e ka hoʻopaʻa pālua, ʻo ka mamao ma waena o nā ʻāpana kalapona ʻo 1.34 angstroms i ka alkene, a me 1.50 angstroms i ka alkane pili.
Hāʻawi lākou i kahi ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ka reactivity ma mua o nā alkanes, pololei no ka mea aia kēlā mau paʻa pālua, hiki ke haki a ʻae i ka hoʻohui o ʻĀtoma ʻē aʻe, hydrogen a i ʻole halogens pinepine. Hiki iā lākou ke ʻike hoʻohenehene a polymerization. Loaʻa pinepine ʻo Alkenes i ka isomerism cis-trans a i ʻole stereoisomerism, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hiki i nā ʻāpana kalapona i hoʻopili ʻia e ka paʻa pālua ke hoʻohuli a hana kēia i nā mokulele ʻokoʻa. ʻO nā Alkenes me nā paʻa pālua ʻelua i kapa ʻia he dienes, a ʻo nā mea i ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻelua mau hoʻopaʻa pālua ua kapa ʻia lākou he polyenes.
Ma honua kanu nui a nui nā alkenes a he nui nā hana physiological koʻikoʻi, e like me ka rula o ke kaʻina pala ʻana o ka hua a i ʻole ka kānana ʻana o kekahi radiation lā. ʻO ka ʻōnaehana kemika o nā alkena ʻokanika he paʻakikī a pili pū me nā kaulahao kalapona a me nā apo. ʻO kekahi mau huaʻai e like me nā kāloti a i ʻole nā kōmato, a me kekahi mau crustacea e like me nā pāpaʻi, hana i nā nui o ka beta carotene, kahi alkene koʻikoʻi i mua o ka huaora A.
Nā laʻana o nā alkenes
| ʻO Ethylene a i ʻole ethene | 2-methyl propene |
| Kolesterol | 5,6-dimethyl-3-propyl-heptene |
| Butadiene | cycloocta-1,3,5,7-tetraene |
| Lycopene | tetrafluoroethylene |
| Geraniol | 5-bromo-3-methyl-3-hexene |
| Limonene | Rhodopsin |
| ʻO Mycenae | Propene a propylene paha |
| Butene | 7,7,8-trimethyl-3,5-nonadiene |
| Lanosterol | 3,3 diethyl-1,4-hexadiene |
| Kapahu | ʻO Mentofuran |
Hiki iā ia ke lawelawe iā ʻoe:
- Nā laʻana o Alkanes
- Nā laʻana o Hydrocarbons
- Nā laʻana o Alkynes
