Anter
ʻO ka parasitism pili pono ia me kahi pilina kikoʻī, ka pilina i hoʻokumu ʻia ma waena o nā meaola ʻelua, kahi e ola ai kekahi ma ka lilo o kekahi. ʻO nā protagonist pono ʻelua o ka pilina parasitism ka mea i hui pū me ke kaiapuni o kekahi.ka maʻi palū) a me ka mea e hāʻawi i nā ala no ka hana o ka parasite (i kāhea ʻia Malihini).
Hiki ke hana i ka pilina ma nā ʻano he nui, a hiki i ka mea hoʻokipa ke ʻike hou aʻe a i ʻole liʻiliʻi hana ʻino ʻia e ka parasite i loaʻa kekahi pōmaikaʻi no ka hopena. Na ʻano o ka pilina parasitism ʻO ia ka huaʻōlelo e extrapolated pinepine ʻia a lawe ʻia i kekahi mau manaʻo ʻē aʻe, me nā hana a nā kānaka kahi e hoʻohana ai kekahi poʻe i kekahi poʻe ʻē aʻe.
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ʻO ka parasite, i kekahi manawa noho ia i loko o kāna mea hoʻokipa. ʻO ke hiʻohiʻona kikowaena o kēia ʻano parasitism ʻo ia ka mea hoʻokipa i kahi mau antibodies, pili i ka parasite, i haku ʻia i nā micro-parasites he nui.
Ma ka lima ʻē aʻe paha lākou ectoparasites nā mea i ʻole e lilo i loko o ka specimen ʻē aʻe, kahi o ka hihia maʻamau nā hua i hoʻomoe ʻia i kahi pūnana ʻaʻole nāna. Hoʻomohala mau nā meaola hoʻokipa i nā hana pale e kaohi ana i ka hana o nā parasites, e like me nā mea kanu e hana i nā mea make e ʻimi nei e pale i nā fungi.
Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, maʻa mau no ka a kaʻina coevolution kahi o nā ʻano ʻelua e ʻimi nei e hoʻokō i kā lākou pahuhopu: ʻimi nā mea hoʻokipa e hōʻalo i ka pahuhopu o nā parasites, ʻoiai e hoʻomaʻamaʻa nā parasites e hoʻomau i ka maʻi i nā mea hoʻokipa.
Hiki iā ia ke lawelawe iā ʻoe:
- Nā laʻana o Symbiosis
- Nā laʻana o nā kaulahao meaʻai
- Nā laʻana o ka Mutualism
- Nā laʻana o Adaptations o nā Mea Ola
ʻO ka maʻamau ke lilo nā konohiki i mau parasite, lilo i ka hopena o ka hana physiological a metabolic paha. ʻO ka unuhi ʻana o nā mole mai ka hoʻokipa he mea pono ʻole ia e synthesize i kā lākou ponoʻī, e like me ka mea e hana ai i nā virus ʻo ia nā hihia o ka parasitism. ʻO ka maʻamau ʻaʻole ʻike maka ʻia ka parasitism e ka maka maka ʻole, akā mai ka manawa e ʻeha ai ka mea hoʻokipa i ka pōʻino i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka parasite, kaʻai maʻamau a i ʻole nā maʻi.
Kāhea ʻia kahi kūlana e hana pinepine ʻia hyperparasitism. ʻO kēia ka mea e hana ke ola kahi parasite mai kahi parasite ʻē aʻe: ʻo nā kaulahao parasite i hoʻokumu ʻia i kēia mau hihia nā mea e hoʻonui i ka mākaukauolaola a me ka antibiosis, a ʻo kekahi o nā kumu no ka mālama olaola o nā maʻi a me nā mea ʻino.
Nā laʻana o ka parasitism
ʻO nā hihia aʻe ka mea parasitism, e like me ka wehewehe i ʻike ʻia.
- Nā leʻaleʻa: Parasite e noho nei ma ka ʻili o nā holoholona, e hoʻōla i nā mea ʻino a hūnā i ka huluhulu.
- Anati: nā kolo e parasitize i nā kumulāʻau, e luku ʻana iā lākou kokoke ʻaneʻane.
- Saculina: Mai ka ʻohana barnacle. Ke loaʻa ʻo ia i kahi pāpaʻi, ʻimi ʻo ia i ka palupalu o kona kino ponoʻī ma laila, hoʻolilo ia i mea ʻai.
- Lāhele: ʻai lākou i ke koko o nā holoholona ʻē aʻe.
- Nā ilo: Maʻa mau i nā holoholona a me nā kāne, hānai lākou ma ka hemo ʻana i nā meaʻai a hoʻouka aku i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe nā ʻoka.
- Nā tikika: nā parasite o waho e hānai i ke koko o nā mea hoʻokipa, e hoʻolaha ana i nā maʻi e like me typhus.
- ʻO ka emerald cockroach: kahi parasite nāna e kuʻi i nā ipo me kāna mea hoʻopaʻa. Hoʻomoʻa ia i nā hua, a i ka hatch a ka larva ʻai lākou i nā mea ola ʻole o ka ipo.
- Amoebas: Parasites o nā ʻōpū o nā holoholona a me nā kānaka, e hōʻino ana i ka momona a me nā maʻi.
- ʻEnuhe Guinea: noho ia i nā mikena microscopic i ka wai o ka muliwai. ʻO ka inu ʻana i kēlā ʻano wai e ʻae i ka ilo i loko o ke kino, ka mea e puhi ai i ka ʻili a hana i ka naʻau ʻā.
- Nā Virus: Parasites e hana i nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona, e hana ana i nā maʻi he nui.
- Helminth: Nā holoholona holoholona lōhiu e hoʻopili i ke kino o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe.
- ʻO Protozoa: Nā holoholona maʻalahi i hoʻokumu ʻia e a pūnaewele, nui nā parasite o nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona. Hoʻopuka lākou i nā maʻi e like me Chagas a i ʻole trichomoniasis.
- Rhodophytes: Algae ʻulaʻula, nā parasites pinepine o nā rhinophytes ʻē aʻe. Hoʻokomo ia i kāna nuklea i loko o nā pūnaewele o ka mea hoʻokipa, e hana ana i nā hunaola o ka genome parasite.
- Mites: ʻO nā parasite liʻiliʻi e noho i ka ʻili kanaka, e hānai nei i nā huna.
- ʻO ka ʻeke o nā kaula ʻōmaʻomaʻo: ulu ia i loko o ke kī, a hoʻi i kāna ʻano wiwo ʻole e ʻimi nei i nā wahi i hōʻike ʻia i ka ʻike o nā mea āpau. Noho ka parasite i loko o ka ʻōnaehana digestive o nā meaʻai e ʻai, hana hou a hoʻokuʻu i nā hua i loko o kā lākou feces, nā manu maʻamau.
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