aupuni fungi

Anter

• Nā ʻano o ke Aupuni Fungi
• Nā laʻana o ke Aupuni Fungi
• Pehea e hānai ai nā fungi?
• ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ke aupuni fungi

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea ola i loko ʻelima mau aupuni e kōkua i ke aʻo ʻana a me ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā pilina ma waena o lākou a me nā ʻano kikoʻī o kēlā me kēia.

Hana ʻia kēia hoʻokaʻina mai nā hui ākea āpau a i nā hui kikoʻī hou aʻe, e hoʻomaka ana me nā aupuni, a laila ka pae a me ka mahele, ka papa, ke kauoha, ka ʻohana, ka genus a me nā ʻano.

I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, komo kēlā me kēia aupuni i nā ʻano meaola like ʻole i loaʻa kekahi mau ʻano like.

ʻO nā aupuni:

• Animalia (aupuni holoholona): nā meaola Eukaryotic, lawe lima, me ka ʻole o chloroplast a i ʻole ka paia o ka pūnaewele. Aia nā heterotrophs (hānai lākou i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe mea ola).
• Plantae (ke aupuni mea kanu): nā meaola Eukaryotic, me ka hiki ʻole ke neʻe, me nā paia o ka cellulose i loaʻa, photosynthetic.
• Fungi (Fungi): nā meaola Eukaryotic, me ka hiki ʻole ke neʻe, me nā paia o ka pūnaewele i loaʻa ka chitin.
• Protista: Nā meaola ʻē aʻe eukaryotic (me nā pūnaewele pili pū kekahi i kekahi nucleus kūʻē) ʻaʻole i hoʻokomo ʻia i waena o nā mea kanu, nā holoholona, ​​a me nā fungi.
• Monera: Nā meaola Prokaryotic. I ka nā hunaola prokaryotic ʻAʻohe o lākou nucleus ʻokoʻa, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea genetical mai ke koena o ke kele e kahi membrane pūnaewele, akā loaʻa manuahi ʻia ia i ka cytoplasm.

• Hiki iā ia ke lawelawe iā ʻoe: Nā laʻana mai kēlā me kēia Aupuni

Nā ʻano o ke Aupuni Fungi

• Nā meaola eukaryotic: Hoʻokumu ʻia lākou e nā eukaryotic cells, ʻo ia hoʻi, he nucleus lākou kahi o nā mea genetics i ke ʻano o chromosome.
• Pā paʻaloko: E like me nā mea kanu, he paia a lākou ma waho o ka membrane plasma. ʻAʻole like me nā mea kanu, kūkulu ʻia kēia pā i ka chitin a me nā glucans.
• Humidity: Hoʻonui lākou i nā wahi wai a me nā wai.
• Nā Heterotrophs: ʻAʻole like me nā mea kanu, pono lākou e hānai i ka mea ʻokanika hana ʻia e nā meaola ʻē aʻe, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hiki ke photosynthesize. ʻO ke ʻano e hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou mai nā heterotrophs ʻē aʻe e hana lākou i kahi digestion kūwaho o kā lākou meaʻai: hūnā lākou i nā enzyme e ʻeli i ka meaʻai a laila lawe i nā mole i hopena i ka digestion.
• Hoʻohua hou ʻia e nā spores: ʻO nā spores nā kino microscopic unicellular a i ʻole multicellular. Hoʻopuehu ʻia lākou i kahi kūlana latent a hiki i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā kūlana maikaʻi no kā lākou germination. Hiki i kēia kope ke kolohe a i ʻole asexual, pili i ka laha.

Ma kā mākou i kēlā me kēia lā Nohona, Hiki iā mākou ke ʻike i nā pūlehu i ke ʻano o ka meaʻai (i nā ʻano o nā huahana waiū, pia, a i ʻole iā lākou iho), a i ʻole ma ke ʻāpana o nā mea hoʻohui lāʻau. Aia pū kekahi nā fungi hoʻohaumia, e like me nā mea popopo wahie, a me nā haʻalulu parasite nāna e hoʻokumu i ka maʻi i ke kino o ke kanaka. Hoʻohui ʻia, i nā moʻomeheu like ʻole e hoʻohana ʻia nā mushroom no kā lākou waiwai hallucinogenic.

Nā laʻana o ke Aupuni Fungi

1. Lele kīloi (Amanita muscaria): Māhele: basidiomycetes. Kauoha: Agaricales. Mushroom e hōʻoki iki i nā kolo i hiki ke hoʻopili me ia. Ana ʻia ma waena o 10 a 20 mau kenimika. ʻUlaʻula ia me nā kiko keʻokeʻo. Loaʻa ia i nā ʻano nohona like ʻole, akā ʻo ka hapanui wahie, ke ulu nei e pili me nā aʻa o nā kumu lāʻau like ʻole. ʻO ia kahi mushroom hallucinogenic.
2. ʻO Amethyst Lacaria (laccaria amethystea): Māhele: basidiomycetes. Papa: Homobasidiomycetes. Kauoha: Tricholomatales. Mushroom i loaʻa ka pāpale a 5 cm ke anawaena. Loaʻa iā ia i ke kala viola hahau. ʻIke ʻia i nā wahi mossy a me nā wahi o nā ulu lāʻau.
3. Holowelo hōkū (aseroë rubra). Māhele: basidiomycetes. Papa: agaricomycetes. Kauoha: Phallales. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka Mushroom e kona ʻala ʻoluʻolu ʻole, kahi e ʻumeʻume ai i nā lele, a me kona ʻano hōkū. Keʻokeʻo kona kumu a ʻulaʻula kona mau lima. Hiki iā ia ke piʻi i 10 mau kenimika. ʻO kēlā me kēia o kona mau lima (ma waena o 6 a me 9) e ana ana he 33 milimita.
4. Kika a Diabolo (chorioactis geaster). Māhele: ascomycetes. Papa: pezizomycetes. Kauoha. Pezizales. Wāhi hōkū hōkū, ʻeleʻele i ke kala. ʻO kāna mea ʻokoʻa ke hoʻopuka i kahi kani ke wehe ʻo ia e hoʻokuʻu i kāna spores. Ulu lākou ma nā lāʻau kedera make a ʻoka paha. Loaʻa ia ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me Iāpana wale nō.
5. Hū pia (Saccharomyces cervisiae). Māhele: ascomycetes. Papa: Hemiascomycetes. Kauoha: Saccharomycetales. Fungus unicellular. Ke ʻano o ka hū i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana i ka berena, pia, a me ka waina. Hoʻopiʻi ia i ka a asexual e ka ʻōpuʻu ʻana. Ma lalo o kekahi mau kūlana hiki iā ia ke hana i ka moekolohe.
6. Penicillium Roqueforti. Māhele: ascomycotic. Papa: eurotiomycetes. Kauoha: Eurtiales. Hoʻohana ʻia ia i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻoki āpau ākea, e like me nā uahi polū (Roqueforte, Cabrales, Valdeón, a pēlā aku.)
7. Pāhulu paina (suillus luteus). Māhele: basidiomycetes. Papa: homobasidiomycetes. Kauoha: boletales. Hiki iā ia ke ana iā 10 cm ke anawaena. ʻEleʻele i ka waihoʻoluʻu a me ka viscous ʻili. Loaʻa ia i nā ulu lāʻau paina. ʻO ia kahi huaʻai ʻai.
8. Dermatophyte fungus (epidermophyton floccosum). Māhele: ascomycotic. Papa: eurotiomycetes. Kauoha: onygenales. Fungus i kumu i nā maʻi o ka ʻili e like me ke apo, ka wāwae o ka mea ʻaleʻale, a me ka onychomycosis. Hoʻolahalaha ʻia e ka launa ʻana. Ulu ia i nā kolone.
9. ʻO Crepidotus. Māhele: Basidiomycetes. Kauoha: Agaricales. Fungi saprophytic fungi. ʻO nā kala i waena o ke keʻokeʻo a me ka brown. Ulu ia i nā aniau mahana.
10. Penicillium chrysogenum. Māhele: ascomycotic. Papa: Eurothiomycetes. Kauoha: eurotiales. ʻO ia ka fungus e hua mai ai ka penicillin (antibiotic i ʻae ʻia e mālama i nā maʻi i manaʻo ʻia ʻaʻole hiki ke ola).

Pehea e hānai ai nā fungi?

• Saprophytes: hoʻopau lākou i nā koena o nā meaola decomposing.
• Nā Parasite: hoʻopau lākou i nā meaola o nā mea ola e ola nei lākou.
• Nā Hōʻailona: Pili lākou me nā mea kanu e loaʻa ana ka pōmaikaʻi no nā mea ʻelua.

ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ke aupuni fungi

Mahele ʻia ke aupuni Fungi penei:

• ʻO Basidiomycetes (Māhele Basidiomycota): Nā hū e hoʻohua i ka basidia (ke kūkulu ʻana i ka spore) me nā basidiospores (spores reproductive).
• Nā ʻAkahiko (Māhele Ascomycota): Nā hahi a me nā moʻo e hana ana i ka asci (spore-making sex cell) me nā ascospores (hoʻopuka kēlā me kēia ascus i 8 ascospores).
• ʻO Glomeromycetes (Māhele Glomeromycota): Mycorrhizae, ʻo ia hoʻi, he fungus me ka pilina simbiotic me nā aʻa o kahi mea kanu.
• ʻO Zygomycetes (Zygomycota mahele): nā moulds e hana zygospores (moekolohe ʻāpana o ka fungus)
• ʻO Chitridiomycetes (Chytridiomycota mahele): Nā mikiona microscopic me nā zoospores a me nā gametes uniflagellate.