Anter
Hoʻokaʻawale ka hoʻohālikelike maʻamau i ka ʻōnaehana hāmama o ka ʻōnaehana paʻa, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā mea i paʻa ka pilina me ka waho o nā mea i ʻike ʻia e ka hana ʻana me ka nānā ʻole i ke kaiapuni e hoʻopuni iā lākou
ʻO ka ʻōnaehana paʻa ʻO lākou ka poʻe i loaʻa kahi kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa, a ʻaʻohe o lākou pilina me nā ʻākena kino ʻē aʻe ma waho o ia. ʻAʻohe o ka pilina a me ka hoʻopili ʻana me kekahi mea i waho, a no laila hiki iā lākou ke ola ma ke kumu o kā lākou hana ponoʻī.
ʻElua ʻano o nā ʻōnaehana paʻa, e like me ka ʻole o ka loaʻa ʻole o ka hoʻololi me ka waho he nui (kahi e loaʻa ai i ka hihia o nā ʻōnaehana kaʻawale) a i ʻole ʻaʻohe kūkaʻi o mea, akā aia kahi hoʻololi o ka ikehu (e hana ʻia i nā ʻōnaehana pani maloʻo).
Hiki iā ia ke lawelawe iā ʻoe:
- Nā laʻana o nā ʻōnaehana hāmama a paʻa
- Nā laʻana o nā ʻōnaehana Open, Closed and Isolated
Nā laʻana o nā ʻōnaehana pani
Kāhea ʻia ia he ʻōnaehana paʻa i kēlā mau ʻōnaehana i loaʻa kahi hana deterministic a papahana, a he wahi liʻiliʻi loa kā lākou o ka ikehu a me nā mea me ke kaiapuni: no ka liʻiliʻi loa aʻaʻole ia e komo me ka ulu maʻamau o ka pūnaewele.
A laila, ke ʻano i kekahi mau laʻana o nā ʻōnaehana i hiki ke hana ma ke ʻano he ʻōnaehana paʻa:
- ʻO kahi wati makani, kahi no kāna hana e koi ai ʻaʻohe hoʻololi e ka mahana a i ʻole ka wahi o waho.
- ʻO kahi mokulele, ʻoiai ia e kipaku i kekahi mau kinoea i waho, pono i kekahi mau hihia e pani pono ʻia i hiki ai ke ola a me ka hanu i nā mika he nui o ke kiʻekiʻe.
- He mea hoʻoheheʻe nukelea.
- He pāluna hoʻonui.
- ʻO kahi pakuhi kaʻa.
- Kahi thermos i kūkulu pono ʻia i mea e loli ʻole ai ka mahana i ka liʻiliʻi.
- ʻO ka honua honua (hoʻololi i ka ikehu akā ʻaʻole mea nui)
- ʻO ke ao holoʻokoʻa, i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he huina.
- He TV.
- ʻO kahi kuke kuke ʻaʻole e ʻae i ka pakuhi e pakele.
Hiki iā ia ke lawelawe iā ʻoe:
- Nā laʻana o Open Systems
- Nā laʻana o nā ʻōnaehana Open, Closed a Semi-closed
Nā ʻano
ʻO kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa i nā ʻōnaehana paʻa ʻo ia ka wehewehe ponoʻī o ka loaʻa ʻole o ka launa ʻana me waho e pono ai hiki i nā kaulike āpau e wehewehe i ka neʻe ʻana i loko o ia ʻōnaehana ke hilinaʻi wale i nā loli a me nā mea i loaʻa i ka ʻōnaehana.
ʻO ke koho ʻana o ke kumu o ka manawa he mea kūpono ʻole ia, a no laila ke invariant nā kaulike o ka evolution temporal e pili ana i nā unuhi kūlohelohe: pili kēia i ka mālama ʻia o ka ikehu, a pili pū hoʻi ia i ka wehewehe o kēia ʻōnaehana.
Inā pani ʻia kahi ʻōnaehana, laila hoʻololi iki ka ikehu o loko o ka ʻōnaehana ma muli o ke kaulike o ka hoʻolilo wela a me ka hana i hana ʻia.
Eia nō naʻe, pololei ia e ʻōlelo nei inā hoʻonui ka ʻōnaehana i kona ikehu i kahi hana thermodynamic, nalowale ke koena o ke ao i ka nui o ka ikehu. ʻO ke kānāwai mua o ka thermodynamics, no nā ʻōnaehana paʻa, kākau ʻia ma ka inoa ΔU = ΔQ - ΔW.
