20 Nā laʻana o nā mea maʻemaʻe a me nā hui ʻana - 'Ōuli

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Anter

Nā laʻana o nā mea maʻemaʻe
Nā hoʻohuihui
Palehua a me ka hoʻoheheʻe
Nā laʻana o nā hoʻohuihui
Hiki ke lawelawe iā ʻoe

Pau nā mea ʻike mākou i ka honua hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e like me kāna kumukānāwai i ʻelua mau ʻāpana: nā mea maʻemaʻe a me nā hui ʻana.

ʻO kanā mea maʻemaʻe nā mea i hoʻokumu ʻia, i ke kumu, e ka hoʻokahi mea kemika a i ʻole nā kumumea kumu e hana i kāna hanana molekole, inā he a hoʻohuihui.

Mālama mau kahi mea maʻemaʻe i nā ʻano kūlohelohe a me nā waiwai kemika, no laila pane mau ia i ke ala like i kahi stimulus a hopena i hāʻawi ʻia, e like me ke kiko o e paila ana nalu nuʻa.

A laila, hiki i nā mea maʻemaʻe ke monatomic (e like me ka Helium maʻemaʻe), i kapa ʻia hoʻi he mau mea maʻalahi no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i kā lākou ʻāpana; a i ʻole nā mea hoʻohui (e like me ka wai: hydrogen + oxygen), ʻoiai lākou e hoʻopili ana i kahi mahele paʻa a paʻa o nā kumu kumu i hoʻokumu ʻia.

ʻOiaʻiʻo, e nele mau kahi mea maʻemaʻe i nā mea hoʻohui hoʻohui a i ʻole kekahi ʻano o nā mea poke i hoʻololi i kāna hanana kumu.

Nā laʻana o nā mea maʻemaʻe

Helium Pure Aia i loko kūlana kūpale i ka hoʻopiha ʻana i nā pāluna pāʻina, a i ʻole i waena o nā mea o nā hopena nukelea o hydrogen, ʻoiai he a ʻEnekini hanohano, ʻo ia hoʻi, o kahi kinoea me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loa a no laila ʻaʻole hoʻohui pinepine ʻia me nā mea ʻē aʻe e hana i nā hanana kemika hou.
Ka wai maʻemaʻe. Kāhea pinepine ʻia me ka wai hoʻopulapula, loaʻa iā ia ma o ka hana ʻana i nā keʻena hoʻokolohua e hōʻalo ai i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i nā mea o ke kaiapuni (ʻoiai ʻo ka wai ka mea hoʻoheheʻe nui ʻike ʻia). No laila, ʻo ka wai wale nō i hana ʻia me nā hydrogen a me nā ʻokikene oxygen (H₂O), ʻaʻohe mea hou aʻe.
Gula maʻemaʻe. ʻO ke gula maʻemaʻe, 24 carats, kahi poloka kū hoʻokahi i hana ʻia, i hana ʻia me nā ʻāpana gula (Au) wale nō.
Nā diamana. ʻOiai ʻaʻole paha e like me ia, nā diamona, kekahi o nā mea ʻoi loa o ka ʻike ʻia, i haku ʻia ʻĀtoma kalapona (C) wale nō, hoʻonohonoho ʻia i kekahi ala i ʻaneʻane hiki ʻole ke hemo nā kaula paʻa.
Sulphur. ʻIke ʻia kēia mea o ka papa manawa ma nā mea maʻalahi a i ʻole nā mea hoʻohui, no ka mea, he mea hana nui ia. No laila, hiki iā mākou ke inoa i ka ʻākika sulfuric (H₂SW₄) ma ke ʻano he maemae ka waiwai, ʻoiai ʻo ka mea i loaʻa ka hydrogen, sulfur a me oxygen atoms, ʻoiai he ʻano hoʻokahi wale nō lākou.
Ozone. ʻO ka ozone kahi hui o ke ʻano laha ʻole i ko mākou wahi o kēlā me kēia lā, akā nui i nā kaomi a me nā mahana o ka lewa o luna. Loaʻa iā ia a molekoki like me ko ka oxygen, akā me nā ʻekolu ʻātoma o kēia mea (O₃) a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i ka pololei no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka wai.
Benzene (C₆H₆). A hikarokona, ʻo ia hoʻi, kahi hui o nā ʻoma a me nā hydrogen, ʻaʻohe waihoʻoluʻu, ʻaʻohe onaona, lapalapa a ʻona, akā hiki ke loaʻa i kahi kūlana maʻemaʻe, mālama i kāna mau waiwai a me nā hopena.
ʻO Sodium Chloride (NaCl). ʻO ka paʻakai maʻamau, ka mea iā mākou ma ka home, kahi mea hoʻohui pū. Hana ʻia ia i ʻelua mau mea: chlorine a me sodium. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ke pākuʻi mākou ia i ka sop, e lilo ia i ʻāpana o kahi huikau paʻakikī.
Kalepona dioxide (CO₂). ʻO ke kinoea a mākou e kipaku ai ma hope o ka hanu ʻana a koi nā mea kanu i kā lākou photosynthesis hana. I haku ʻia o ke kalapona a me ka oxygen, hoʻoheheʻe pinepine ʻia (hui) i ke ʻano me nā kinoea ʻē aʻe, akā ke lawe ʻia e nā mea kanu a hana ʻia paha i ka hale hana, aia ia i kona kūlana maʻemaʻe.
Graphite. ʻO kekahi o nā helehelena maʻemaʻe o ke kalapona, like me ka diamona chemically, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ma ke kino. Hoʻokomo ʻia ia o nā ʻāpona kalapona wale nō, i kahi hoʻopili palupalu i ʻoi aku ka palupalu a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā diamona.

Nā hoʻohuihui

ʻO ka hoʻohuihui ʻo ka hui pū ʻana o ʻelua a ʻoi paha mau mea maʻemaʻe, i nā helu loli a me ka mālama ʻana i nā mea he nui o lākou waiwai kanaka, no laila e loaʻa ana i kahi mea hoʻohui i hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻāpana e nā ʻano kino a me / a i ʻole kemika.

Wahi a ke ʻano o ka launa pū ʻana o kēia mau mea, hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia i ʻelua mau ʻano:

Nā Hui Heterogeneous. I loko o ia mau mea, hiki ke nānā, me ka maka maka ʻole a i ʻole me nā pono o ke keʻena hoʻokolohua, ke kū ʻana o nā mea i huikau, no ka mea, mahele like ʻole ʻia, a i ʻole nā ʻike i ʻike ʻia. Hiki i kēia mau huikau ke, nā kauā (nā mea ʻike kino i ʻike ʻia i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe) a i ʻole colloids (He ʻuʻuku nā mea kino i hiki ʻole ke nānā maʻalahi ʻia, a aia lākou i ka neʻe mau a me ka hoʻokuʻi ʻana).
Nā hoʻohuihui homogenous. Hoʻolaha like nā mea e hana ai i kēia mau hui a ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia me ka maka ʻōlohelohe. Kāhea pinepine ʻia lākou nā hoʻonā kemika A i ʻole maʻalahi nā hāʻina, ʻoiai nā mea hana (solute a hoʻoheheʻe) ʻaʻole maʻalahi e kaʻawale.

Palehua a me ka hoʻoheheʻe

ʻO ka nā hāʻina he huikau like lākou, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻike ʻole ʻia; akā ua kāhea ʻia kāna mau mea solute a hoʻoheheʻe e like me ka hapa nui o ka lua e pili ana i ka mea mua.

O kahi laʻana:

Inā ma a wai Kekahi mau gram o ka paʻa B, hemo paha lākou a ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke ʻike iā lākou me ka maka ʻōlohelohe, ʻoiai hiki iā mākou ke hana me ka wai i loaʻa iā lākou. Eia nō naʻe, inā mākou e evaporate i kēia wai, e waiho ka gram o ka paʻa i loko o ka ipu i loaʻa ka hopena. Kāhea ʻia kēia ʻano hana nā ʻano hana o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā mea.

Nā laʻana o nā hoʻohuihui

ʻO Gelatin Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia hui colloidal o nā collagens mai nā mea cartilaginous holoholona e ka hoʻohuihui ʻana i ka wai a me kahi paʻa i ke alo o ka wela. I ka manawa e loaʻa ai kahi hui like (homogeneous) i loaʻa, hoʻoluʻolu ʻia ia hoʻokūpaʻa a loaʻa iā ʻoe ka mea ʻono hoʻomaʻamaʻa maʻa mau no nā keiki.
Māhu kuke. ʻO ka maʻamau o ka propane a me ka butane, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā ʻenekini a mākou e hoʻohana ai e hoʻomālamalama i ke kapuahi a i ʻole ka umu. nā mea ʻelua.
ʻEa Ambient. Kāhea mākou i ka lewa kahi hui ʻole o nā kinoea, a me nā monatomics (Oxygen, Hydrogen, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) a me nā mea hoʻohui ʻē aʻe. ʻOiai ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ka nānā mua ʻana, hiki nō ke hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou i ke keʻena hoʻokolohua a loaʻa i kēlā me kēia i kona kūlana maʻemaʻe.
Wai kai. He mamao loa ke kai kai mai kahi maʻemaʻe: loaʻa i loko hele aku ʻoe, huahana mea hoʻohui o nā hana kemika, nā koena kemika o ke ola a i ʻole nā hana a ke kanaka, i ka pōkole, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hui like o kāna mau mea. Eia nō naʻe, inā mākou e waiho i kahi kai kai e hoʻomaloʻo i ka lā, e loaʻa iā mākou ka paʻakai ma lalo o ka ipu e like me ka mea e pau ai ka wai.
Ke koko. Hoʻopau ʻia nā meaolaola ʻole i loko o ke koko. nā pūnaewele, nā ʻenekema, protein, nā meaola a me nā kinoea e like me ka oxygen. Eia nō naʻe, i kahi kulu ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke ʻike i kekahi o ia mea, ke ʻike ʻole mākou ma lalo o kahi microscope.
Ka Mayo. ʻO ka mayonnaise kahi ʻono emulsified anuanu, hui ʻia o ka hua manu a me ka aila mea kanu, ʻaʻole kekahi o ia mau mea, kahi mea maʻemaʻe. No laila he huikau paʻakikī loa ia o nā mea paʻakikī i hiki ʻole ke ʻike i kāna mau mea.
ʻO ke kō i loko o ke kīʻaha wai. I ke kumu, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ke kō i ka wai, no laila hiki iā mākou ke nalowale ke ʻike i kāna mau aniani ke ninini nei mākou iā lākou i loko o ke kīʻaha a hoʻowali me kahi teaspoon. Eia nō naʻe, inā hoʻomau mākou e hoʻohui (saturating the solution), e loaʻa iā mākou kahi pae hoʻokaumaha e like me ka nui o ke kō i koe ma lalo, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole ia e hana i kahi hui hou aʻe.
Wai lepo ʻO ka wai i hoʻohaumia ʻia me ka lepo a i ʻole nā mea neoneo ʻē aʻe e hiki ai i ka maka ʻōlohelohe ke ʻike i ka nui o nā solutes e ʻōpua i kona transparency. Hoʻopili ʻia kēia mau mea i loko o ka wai, no laila hiki iā lākou ke hemo e nā a kaʻina kānana.
ʻO ke keleawe. E like me nā mea a pau, ʻo ke keleawe ka hui ʻana o nā metala ʻelua, e like me ke keleawe a me ke kēne (nā mea maʻemaʻe). ʻAe kēia i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā ʻāpana metala i paʻa ʻole, no ka mea ʻaʻole kūkulu ko lākou mau ʻoma i nā paʻa paʻa, a no laila malleable a ductile, akā kūpaʻa. ʻO ka mea hou o ke keleawe kahi hoʻololi maoli no ka lāhui kanaka kahiko.
Rice me nā pī. ʻOiai mākou e hoʻouluulu iā lākou ma ka pā a i ka ipuhao, e ʻike ʻia ka pī a me ka laiki i ka maka ʻōlohelohe, ʻoiai mākou e ʻai pū me lākou e leʻaleʻa ai i kā lākou ʻono pū. He smorgasbord maikaʻi loa kēia a maikaʻi loa siftable, inā makemake mākou e hoʻokaʻawale loa iā lākou.