ʻO ka kemika ʻO ia ka ʻepekema e aʻo ana i ka haku mele a me nā loli e hiki ai ke lilo i mea, i kekahi o kāna ʻano. ʻO kekahi o nā mea nui o ke aʻo ʻana i ke kemika ʻo ia o ʻenekini, e like me ka mea e pono ai e hoʻokō i kahi kālailai o kā lākou hana ma ka Honua.
ʻO nā kinoea, e like me ka mea i manaʻo ʻia ma loko o ka hoʻopaʻi, pono e wehewehe ʻia e nā mea kaulike a me nā mea makemakika a me nā helu helu, a i nā ʻano ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa e pili ana i ke ʻano o ke kinoea a me nā kūlana a puni. Ma muli o ka paʻakikī o kēia mau helu, ua kahakaha ke kāmeka ʻo Jan van Helmont (ʻo ia ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu i ke kumumanaʻo o ke kinoea) i kahi Kānāwai kaulana. ʻano maʻamau i ka hana gas, i kona pilina ma waena o ka ikehu kinetic a me ka mahana.
ʻO ka Kānāwai a Van HelmontI kāna mana maʻalahi loa, hōʻike ia ma ka mahana mau ka nui o ka nui o ke kinoea i kūlike i ka kaomi e kau ʻia: P * V = k mau. Eia nō naʻe, e like me nā hāʻawi ʻepekema, pono e hiki ke hōʻiliʻili ʻia a hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻia i ka hilinaʻi, i ʻike ʻia ʻaʻole hihia ma nā hihia āpau.
ʻO ka hopena i hoʻoholo ʻia ʻaʻole ia no ka hewa o ke Kānāwai, akā kēlā ua hana wale ia no kahi kinoea manaʻo, kahi kuhi o ke kinoea i hāʻule ʻole ai nā mole ma waena o lākou, he like mau ka nui o nā mole e noho ana i ka leo like ma nā ʻano like o ke kaomi a me ka mahana, a ʻaʻohe ona ʻumeʻume a kolohe paha.
ʻO ka kinoea kūpono, ʻoiai ʻaʻole e hōʻike ana i kahi ʻōkena e kū maoli ana, he a mea hana e kōkua ai i kahi helu nui o nā helu helu makemakika.
ʻO ka kaulike kaulike o nā kinoea kūponoEia kekahi, nā hopena ia mai ka hui pū ʻana o nā kānāwai ʻelua ʻē aʻe no ke kemika, a manaʻo pū kekahi e hālāwai nā kinoea i nā ʻano o nā kinoea maikaʻi. Pili ke Kānāwai a Boyle-Mariotte i ka nui a me ke kaomi o ka nui o ke kinoea i ka mahana mau, ke ʻike nei he kaulike kūlike lākou. Pili ke Kānāwai o Charles - Gay Lussac i ka nui a me ka mahana, ke ʻike pono nei lākou e kaulike me ke kaomi mau.
ʻAʻole hiki ke hana a papa inoa paʻa o nā kinoea kūpono, no ka mea e like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia he kū hoʻokahi kinoea kuhiakau. Inā hiki iā ʻoe ke papa inoa i nā ʻenekini (me nā ʻenekini hanohano) nona ka mālama ʻana e like me ke ʻano o nā kinoea kūpono, no ka mea, like nā ʻano, inā he maʻamau nā kaomi a me nā ʻano mahana.
- Nitrogen
- Oxygen
- ʻĀpana hauwai
- ʻĀpana kalapona
- Helium
- Neon
- Argon
- Krypton
- Xenon
- Radon
ʻO ka ʻenekini maoli ʻo lākou, i ke kūʻē i nā kumuhana, ka poʻe i loaʻa kahi ʻano thermodynamic a no ia kumu ʻaʻole lākou e ukali i ka like kaulike o ka mokuʻāina ʻo nā kinoea kūpono. I ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe a me ka mahana haʻahaʻa, pono e ʻike ʻia nā kinoea he maoli. I kēlā hihia ua ʻōlelo ʻia ke kinoea i kahi kūlana kiʻekiʻena kiʻekiʻe.
ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o ke kinoea kūpono a me ke kinoea maoli ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ka hope i ka manawa pau ʻole, akā pili ka hiki ʻana i ka compression i ka pae kaomi a me ka mahana.
ʻO ka ʻenekini maoli Loaʻa iā lākou kahi kaulike o ka mokuʻāina e wehewehe i kā lākou lawena, ʻo ia ka mea i hoʻolako ʻia e Nānā ʻo Van der i 1873. Loaʻa ke kaulike i ke kūpono kūpono ma lalo o nā kūlana hoʻohaʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, a hoʻololi i ka hoʻohālikelike kinoea kūpono i kekahi nui: P * V = n * R * T, kahi n ka helu o nā mole o ke kinoea, a R ʻa mau i kapa ʻia ʻo 'gas permanent'.
ʻO nā ʻenekini hana ʻole e like me nā kinoea kūpono i kapa ʻia nā kinoea maoli. Hōʻike ka papa inoa aʻe i kekahi mau laʻana o kēia mau ʻenekini, ʻoiai hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohui i nā mea i helu mua ʻia ma ke ʻano he kinoea maikaʻi, akā i kēia manawa i kahi pōʻaiapili kiʻekiʻe a me / a i ʻole ke ana wela.
- ʻAmonia
- Metana
- ʻEtane
- ʻEleʻele
- Propane
- Butana
- Pentane
- Benzene
